Ese itandukaniro riri hagati y'ibikoresho byo kurinda indwara zo mu bwoko bwa 1+2 n'ubwoko bwa 2 ni irihe?

Gusobanukirwa Igikoresho cyo kurinda indwara yo mu bwoko bwa 1+2 ugereranije n'ubwoko bwa 2 gutandukanya ibintu ni ingenzi mu gihe cyo gushushanya uburyo bwiza bwo sisitemu yo kurinda amashanyaraziUbwoko butandukanye bw'ibikoresho birinda umuvuduko (SPD) byagenewe guhangana n'imimerere yihariye y'umuvuduko, cyane cyane imirasire y'imirasire y'amashanyarazi n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere.

Mu bikorwa remezo bigezweho byo gukwirakwiza ingufu z'amashanyarazi, injeniyeri zikunze gushyiraho ubwoko bwa 1+2 SPD buhujwe ku muryango wa serivisi kugira ngo birinde imirabyo y'inkuba ifite ingufu nyinshi, mu gihe Ibikoresho byo kurinda indwara zo mu bwoko bwa 2 bikunze gushyirwa mu duce dukwirakwizwamo ibikoresho byo mu rwego rwo hasi.

Inganda, inyubako z'ubucuruzi, na sisitemu z'ingufu zisubiramo akenshi bihuza ubwoko bw'ibikoresho byombi nk'igice cya sisitemu yo kurinda umuvuduko w'amazi kugira ngo habeho uburinzi buhuriweho mu miyoboro y'amashanyarazi.

Ingero z'ibisubizo byo kurinda ingufu nyinshi ziboneka muri Imiterere y'ibikoresho byo kurinda isuri yo mu bwoko bwa 1 + 2 ikoreshwa mu gushyiraho serivisi zo kwinjira.

Ni gute ubwoko bwa 1 + 2 SPDs zihangana n'inkuba n'ihindagurika ry'ikirere?

A ubwoko bwa 1+2 SPD buhujwe ihuza imirimo ibiri yo kurinda mu gikoresho kimwe:

• Ubushobozi bwo gusohora umuriro w'inkuba (Ubwoko bwa 1)

• Kugabanya ingufu zirenze urugero zituruka ku kwiyongera kw'ingufu (Ubwoko bwa 2)

Uku guhuza kwemerera igikoresho gukora nk'ikintu igikoresho cyo kurinda inkuba ishoboye kuyobora neza imigezi minini iterwa n'inkuba ikubita mu buryo butaziguye cyangwa hafi aho.

Uburinzi bw'umuriro w'inkuba

Mu gihe cy'inkuba, icyuma gifata umuriro w'inkuba igomba guhangana n'imigezi ihindagurika igenwa n'ikizamini cya 10/350 μs cyakoreshejwe muri Igikoresho cyo kurinda umuvuduko wa IEC 61643-11 amahame ngenderwaho.

SPD zo mu bwoko bwa 1 + 2 zishobora gusohora iyi miyoboro ifite ingufu nyinshi zitangiza ibikoresho biri munsi y'amazi.

Uburinzi bwo Guhindura Ubushyuhe

Izamuka ry'ihindagurika rituruka kuri:

• guhindura transformateur

• Ibikorwa byo gutangiza/guhagarika moteri

• guhindura capacitor bank

• imivurungano y'urusobe rw'amazi

Icyiciro cyo kurinda cya Type 2 gihuriweho kigabanya ingufu zisigaye, bigatuma ibikoresho by’ingufu bifata imbaraga zidahindagurika.

Kubera iyo mpamvu, abantu benshi bagezweho ibikoresho byo kurinda insinga z'inganda guhuza imirabyo n'uburinzi bw'imirabyo mu buryo bumwe.

Ni hehe hashyirwa SPD zo mu bwoko bwa 1+2 na 2 muri Power Systems?

Gushyiraho neza SPD bigenwa n'uko Uduce turinda inkuba za LPZ igitekerezo gikoreshwa mu buhanga bwo kurinda umuvuduko.

Buri gace kagaragaza urwego rutandukanye rw'imirabyo.

Ubwoko bwa 1+2 SPD ishyirwaho

A Igikoresho cyo kurinda indwara yo mu bwoko bwa 1+2 ikunze gushyirwa kuri:

• umuryango winjiramo mu nyubako

• ikibaho gikuru cyo gukwirakwiza

• imashini zikoresha moteri

• paneli zihuza AC zikoresha photovoltaic

Ibi bikoresho bitanga uburinzi bw'umuvuduko w'amazi ku rubuga rukuru rw'itumanaho kurwanya imirabyo ifite ingufu nyinshi yinjira mu buryo bw'amashanyarazi.

Ubwoko bwa 2 bwo gushyiraho SPD

A Igikoresho cyo kurinda indwara yo mu bwoko bwa 2 isanzwe ishyirwaho:

• ku nama nto zitanga serivisi zo gukwirakwiza

• imbere mu bikoresho

• imizigo y'ikoranabuhanga igera hafi cyane

Ibi bikoresho bikunze gushyirwa mu bikorwa nka Ibikoresho birinda umuvuduko wa gari ya moshi ya DIN bishyizwe imbere mu kabati ko kugenzura cyangwa ahatangirwa ibikoresho.

Imiterere isanzwe yo guhuza ibikorwa bya SPD

Iyi gahunda y'urwego rw'ubuyobozi igize sisitemu yo kurinda umuvuduko w'amazi, kugenzura ko ingufu z'amashanyarazi zigabanuka buhoro buhoro mu miyoboro yose y'amashanyarazi.

Nigute wahitamo hagati y'ibikoresho birinda indwara zo mu bwoko bwa 1+2 n'ubwoko bwa 2?

Guhitamo igikoresho gikwiye muri Igikoresho cyo kurinda indwara yo mu bwoko bwa 1+2 ugereranije n'ubwoko bwa 2 kugereranya biterwa n'imiterere ya sisitemu n'uburyo imirabyo igaragara.

1. Suzuma uko imirabyo igaragara

Ibikoresho biri mu turere twibasirwa n'inkuba cyangwa bifite uburyo bwo kurinda inkuba bwo hanze akenshi bisaba ubwoko bwa 1+2 SPD buhujwe ibikoresho biri ku muryango w'amashanyarazi.

Ibi bikoresho bikemura imirasire y'ingufu nyinshi mbere yuko amazi akwirakwira muri sisitemu.

2. Tekereza ku miterere ya sisitemu yo gukwirakwiza ubutaka

Uburyo butandukanye bwo gutwika ubutaka bugira ingaruka ku ihitamo rya SPD.

Imiterere isanzwe irimo:

• Sisitemu yo kurinda ubwiyongere bwa TT

• Sisitemu yo kurinda impanuka ya TN-S

Buri gishushanyo mbonera cy’ubutaka kigira ingaruka ku buryo imigezi y’amazi ijya ku butaka.

Guhuza ibikorwa neza bya SPD bigamije kubahiriza amategeko Igikoresho cyo kurinda umuvuduko wa IEC 61643-11 ibisabwa.

3. Gusuzuma Voltage ya Sisitemu n'Ububasha bwo Gupima Umuzigo

Ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga byoroshye nka:

• Abagenzuzi ba PLC

• sisitemu z'imikorere y'inganda

• Ibikorwaremezo by'ikoranabuhanga

• ibikoresho by'itumanaho

akenshi bisaba ko habaho igice cyo hasi Ibikoresho byo kurinda indwara zo mu bwoko bwa 2 ku mupaka nyawo w'amashanyarazi.

Ibi bikoresho bitanga uburinzi bwiyongereye muri rusange sisitemu yo kurinda amashanyarazi.

4. Tekereza ku buryo bworoshye bwo gushyiramo ibintu n'umwanya wabyo

Mu bikoresho byinshi bigezweho, abahanga mu by'ubwubatsi bakunda ubwoko bwa 1+2 SPDs buhujwe kuko bigabanya ubukana bw'ishyirwaho binyuze mu gushyira mu gikoresho kimwe urwego rubiri rw'uburinzi.

Ibisubizo by’inganda bishobora gusuzumwa binyuze mu ibikoresho by'ubuhanga mu kurinda umuvuduko cyangwa ukoresheje impuguke mu kurinda indwara z'ubwiyongere bw'umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi unyuze kuri inama z'ikoranabuhanga.

Umwanzuro

Gusobanukirwa Igikoresho cyo kurinda indwara yo mu bwoko bwa 1+2 ugereranije n'ubwoko bwa 2 itandukaniro ni ingenzi mu gutegura ingamba zizewe zo kurinda umuvuduko w'amazi.

• Ubwoko bwa 1+2 SPDs kurinda imirabyo y'amashanyarazi n'ingufu nyinshi ku muryango wa serivisi.

• Ubwoko bwa 2 SPDs gutanga uburinzi bw'inyongera mu matsinda yo gukwirakwiza ibikoresho n'ibikoresho.

Iyo bihujwe mu buryo bw'ubwubatsi buhuriweho bushingiye ku Uduce turinda inkuba za LPZ, ibi bikoresho bigira ingaruka nziza sisitemu yo kurinda umuvuduko w'amazi bikingira ibikorwa remezo by'amashanyarazi n'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati y'ibikoresho byo kurinda isuri yo mu bwoko bwa 1+2 n'ibikoresho byo kurinda isuri yo mu bwoko bwa 2?

Ibikoresho byo kurinda umuvuduko w’amashanyarazi byo mu bwoko bwa 1 + 2 bishobora guhangana n’imirasire y’imirasire y’amashanyarazi ndetse n’imirasire y’amashanyarazi, mu gihe ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa 2 byagenewe ahanini kurinda umuvuduko w’amashanyarazi n’ingaruka z’imirasire itaziguye.

Ni hehe hakwiye gushyirwaho ubwoko bwa 1 + 2 SPD?

Ubwoko bwa 1 + 2 SPDs bukunze gushyirwa ku muryango wa serivisi cyangwa ku kibaho gikuru cyo gukwirakwiza kugira ngo butange uburinzi bw'ibanze bw'umuvuduko.

Sisitemu yo kurinda umuvuduko w'amazi mu gihe cy'imvura ni iki?

Sisitemu yo kurinda umuvuduko w'amazi ikoresha ubwoko bwinshi bwa SPD bushyirwa ku rwego rutandukanye rw'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi kugira ngo igabanye buhoro buhoro ingufu z'umuvuduko w'amazi.

Ese ubwoko bwa 2 SPDs buhagije mu kurinda inkuba?

SPD zo mu bwoko bwa 2 ntabwo zagenewe guhangana n'imirasire y'imirasire y'inkuba. Sisitemu zihura n'imirasire akenshi zikenera ubwoko bwa 1 cyangwa ibikoresho byahujwe byo mu bwoko bwa 1 + 2.

Ese ibikoresho birinda imiyoboro ya gari ya moshi bya DIN bishyigikira ibikorwa by'inganda?

Yego. Ibikoresho byinshi byo kurinda ingufu z'amashanyarazi mu nganda byakozwe nk'ibikoresho birinda ingufu z'amashanyarazi za DIN kugira ngo byoroshye kubishyiraho imbere mu bikoresho byo gukwirakwiza amazi.