Nigeze kureba 150.000 $ CNC umurongogufunga kubera ko$90 SPDyari ishyizwemo ibyumba bitatu uvuye aho. Iryo kosa rimwe ryateye icyumweru cyose cy'igihombo cy'umusarurokandi twatakaje umukiriya twari tumaze imyaka ibiri dushakisha.

Muri iyi nyandiko, nzasangiza bitanu bihuriweho SPDamakosa yo gushyirahoibyo bishobora bigabanya cyane imikorere, kandi nsobanure uburyo mbikumira mu ruganda rwanjye. Buri somo rituruka ku gutsindwa nyakuri nabonye muri Ubudage, Ubufaransa, Amerika n'Ubuhindemugihe utanga amapaneli ya Leikexing. Kurikiza izi nama, uzatsinda isuzuma ryawe ritaha ku nshuro ya mbere.

Uburyo bwo Hitamo ubwoko bwa SPD bukwiye

Muri Detroit, nigeze guhitamo igipimo cy'amashanyarazi cya SPD kitari cyo, bituma icyuma gica ibintu gicikamu gihe cyose inkuba igwaIngaruka zabyo ni uko itsinda rishinzwe kubungabungayatakaje icyizere vubamu bikoresho byanjye.

Ubu buri gihe guhuza na Uc ya SPDkuri voltage ya sisitemu hiyongereyeho 10%, hanyuma uhitemo Ishuri rikwiyeku hantu igice cy'urubaho kiri. Iyi ntambwe yoroshye ifite yagabanyije ingendo zibangamira abantu ku kigero kirenga 80%.

Uburyo bwo gusoma amazina ya IEC na UL

UL 1449 isobanura SPDs nk' Ubwoko bwa 1, Ubwoko bwa 2, n'ubwoko bwa 3,

mu gihe IEC 61643-11 ikoresha Icyiciro cya I, Icyiciro cya II, n'Icyiciro cya III.

Uburyo bwombi bwo kwita amazina busobanura aho SPD iherereye mu nyubako y'amashanyarazi y'inyubako.

Ndacapa iyi meza nkayishyiramo kaseti imbere y'urugi rwose.

Ihagarika impaka "zikwiriye bose" mbere yuko itangira.

Imitego y'amashanyarazi n'imiterere

Kuri Sisitemu ya 277Y/480V, SPD igomba guhabwa amanota kuri nibura 320 V Uc, ntabwo ari 275 V. Gukoresha amanota make bitera MOVs (metal-oxide varistors) kugira ngo ishyuhe cyane kandi inanirwa mu mezi make.
Nanone nitaye cyane kuri sisitemu ya delta y'amaguru maremare ifite ibyiciro bitatuBuri gihe hitamo SPD ikoresha igaragaza neza "umuntu ukomeye"mu rupapuro rwayo rw'amakuru; bitabaye ibyo, Igice cyo hagati gishobora gutuma varistor ikora cyane, bigabanya cyane igihe cyo kubaho kwayo.

Inkuru nyayo iturutse mu Bufaransa

Aahantu ho kubika ibintu bikonje hafi ya Lyonubunararibonye gutakaza compressors nyinshi buri mpeshyi.
Akanama kari gafite Ubwoko bwa 2 SPD, ariko icyuma gitanga ibyokurya yinjiye hejuru y'inzu agwa ku nyubako mbere y'uko metero nyamukuru igera.
Twayisimbuje na Icyiciro cya I + Icyiciro cya II cya SPD gihujwekandi yongeyeho swichi yo gukuraho ihuza.
Nyuma y'izi mpinduka, Igihe cyo kubura ibikoresho cyagabanutse kigera kuri zeru, n'umukiriyayasinye amasezerano y'imyaka itatu.

Komeza SPD yawe hafi y'itsinda rikuru ry'itsinda

Nigeze gushyiraho SPD muriakabati k'igorofakuko umuhanga mu by'amashanyarazi yavuze ko hari "Nta mwanya uri mu itsinda."
Itsinda Uburyo insinga zakoreshwaga bwari metero 25, biteravoltage inyura ku mutwaro ikagera kuri 1.800 V—ikubye kabiri ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira ubwinshi bw'imodoka.
Ubu, buri gihe nkomeza kuyobora SPD ngufi ya metero imwehanyuma ushyiremo igikoresho kuriisahani y'inyuma imwe n'igice cy'ingenzi gicamo igihe cyose bishoboka.
Iri tegeko ryoroshye ritumavoltage yo gufunga neza iri munsi ya 800 V.

Impamvu uburebure bw'icyuma buruta ohms

Insinga zose ikora nk'ingufu ziyobora ibintu.
Ku bw'umuntu Ubwinshi bwa 8/20 µs, metero 1 y'insinga ya 12 AWG yongeraho hafi µH 1, bitanga amakuru yerekeye 1 kV na 1 kA/µs.
Imbonerahamwe iri hepfo igaragaza ukwiyongera k'amashanyarazi guterwa n'uburebure bw'insinga:

Buri metero y'insinga y'inyongerabikuraho inyungu za SPD nziza cyane.
Buri gihe nibutsa ikipe yanjye: “Niba hakenewe umurongo muremure, hindura urwego rw’itsinda aho kwimura SPD.”

Gutunganya imirima muri Indiana

Kuri uruganda rwa pulasitiki, SPD yashyizwe ku gisenge cy'inyuma Uvuye kuri metero 30uhereye ku gice cy'ingenzi.
Twongeyeho igice cya kabiri kiri muri metero 2 uvuye ku gice cy'ingenzimaze yimura umutwe wa SPD.
Kubera iyo mpamvu,ingufu z'amashanyarazi zagabanutse kuva kuri 1.500 V kugeza kuri 680 V, kandi Inzogera za VFD zarahagaze.

Irinde insinga ndende cyangwa zizungurutse za SPD

Nabonye aho umuhanga mu by'amashanyarazi yashyizeinsinga zizungurutse "kugira ngo zikosorwe mu gihe kizaza".

Izi koyilo zakoze nk'aho amasoko y'amazi afasha mu gukuramo imyanda, kongeramo 2 µH, byateye ingufu z'amashanyarazi zizazamuka zikagera kuri 1.400 V.

Buri gihe gabanya SPD iyobora ku burebure bugufiibyo bigatuma urugi rw'ikibaho rufunga, kandi rugatangira gukoraumurongo n'ubudahangarwa ku ruhande rumweguhagarika amashanyarazi akoresha amashanyarazi.
Irindeimigozi, imigozi isongoye, n'imigozi ifatanye n'imashini.

 Amategeko agenga insinga nkurikiza

1. Kuramo gusa uburebure nyabwo bw'insinga bukeneweku mufuka.

2.Komeza umurongo, utagira aho ubogamiye, kandi uhambire hasi; ntuzigere uzunguruka.  

3. Gushyira torque ku maguru yose ukurikije uko uwakoze ibintu yabigennye;imishumi irekuye ishobora umusemburo mu gihe cy'izamuka ry'ikirere.

Ikizamini cyo kwihindukiza muri laboratwari

Twubatseimiterere ibiri y'ibizamini: kimwe kiri kumwe Insinga zizungurutse zifite uburebure bwa cm 30, n'imwe ifite imiyoboro igororotse ya cm 20.
Kuri3 kA 8/20 µs, imiterere izungurutse irekura 1.200 V, mu gihe Inzira zigororotse zemerewe gusa 680 V.
Kwerekana iyi foto ku bahanga mu by'amashanyarazi bikemura vuba impaka,neza cyane kurusha amagambo.

 Menya neza ko SPD ikwiye kugira ngo itere imbere

SPD Guhambira ku kirahuri cy'ibara ry'umugozi ntacyo bimaze.
Aho nakoreraga i Mumbai, napimye 4 Ohmkurwanyahagati ya SPD n'isi, ibyo bikaba imikorere yagabanutse cyane.
Koresha buri gihe ingwate y'umuringa ya AWG 6 yihariyekuva ku gice cyo hasi cya SPD kugera ku gice cy'ingenzi cyo gucukura ubutaka, no kugenzura ko impedance iri munsi ya 0.1 Ωhamwe na micro-ohmmeter.
Gumara iminota itanu y'inyongera hano bishobora gukumira guhamagara abantu benshi mu kibuga.

Urutonde rw'ibipimo ngenderwaho bya sisitemu y'amashanyarazi yo hasi

Niba hari igipimo cyananiranye, shyiramo inkoni y'inyongera cyangwa impeta yo gufunga mbere yo gufunga igice.
Guha umukiriya raporo byubaka icyizere mu ishyirwaho ryayo.

 Inyigo y'urubanza: Berlin

Itsinda ry’abakora isuzumabumenyi ryatsinze ikizamini cya hipot ariko ritsindwa ikizamini cyo kuzamuka kw’ingufu.
Agakoresho ko hasi ka SPD kari gashyizwe ku irangi ryasizweho ifu.
Nyuma yo kuyisimbuza imashini yoza inyenyeri no kongera kuyishyiraho torque, ikizamini cyo gupima ubushyuhe cyaratsinze maze umugenzuzi yemeza uburyo bwo kuyikoresha mu gitondo cyakurikiyeho.

Reba buri gihe uko SPD ihagaze

"Ishyireho wibagirwe" ni imitekerereze iteje akaga.
Aho i Vietnam hari habereye ikibazo, PLC yarananiwe kuko SPD yari yahindutse umutuku mu myaka ibiri ishize kandi ntiyigeze igenzurwa.

Shyira mu bikorwa igenzura ry’imiterere ya LED buri gihembwe hanyuma wandike ibipimo mu rupapuro rw’ubuziranenge rushingiye ku bicu.
Niba ikimenyetso kitari icyatsi kibisi, hita usimbuza module.

 Inama yo kugenzura kure

SPD nyinshi zifite uburyo bwo guhuza abantu budafite ubushobozi bwo gukorana.
Ihuze n'urupapuro rwa SCADA kugira ngo abakora bahabwe ubutumwa bwa email mbere y'uko inkubi y'umuyaga itaha itera.

 Igereranya ry'ibiciro: guhinduranya module ugereranije n'ibura ry'ibikoresho

Imibare igaragaza neza ko ingengo y'imari ya buri mwaka ya modules zisimbura izindi.

Umwanzuro

Natakaje amafaranga kuri buri kosa ryavuzwe haruguru kugeza ubwo nanditse aya mategeko atanu ku ikarita nkayashyira mu ngofero yanjye.

Zicape, uzikurikize, maze SPD yawe itaha izarinda umutwaro, ntabwo ari garanti gusa.