Uburyo bwo guhitamo SPD ikwiye yo gukoresha mu gukurura PV

Ndacyibuka umunsi inkuba imwe yakubise igice cy'ingabo zacu.
Mu masegonda icumi, twatakaje inverters mirongo ine, insinga ya DC kilometero imwe, n'inyungu y'ukwezi kose.

Icyo gihe, nakundaga guhitamo ibikoresho byo kurinda umuvuduko w'amazi ku izina ry'ikirango.
Ubu, nyuma y'imyaka cumi n'itanu ndi muri urwo rwego, nizeye imibare itatu gusa — voltage ntarengwa ya DC, umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi, n'umuyoboro wa fuse y'ubushyuhe.

Niba ibyo bitatu bihuye n'ibipimo by'urutonde rwawe — urugero nka 1000 V DC, Imax 40 kA, hamwe n'uburyo bwo gutandukanya ubushyuhe bwubatswemo — ugabanya 90% by'ibibazo byo mu kibuga kandi ugakomeza gukoresha PPA yawe neza.

Komeza usome nzakwereka imibare nyayo nkoresha, ibizamini nsaba inganda, n'ikosa rimwe rikoresha ingengo y'imari nyinshi kurusha inkuba ubwayo.

Uruhare rwa SPD mu mutekano w'agasanduku ka PV Combiner

Nigeze gufungura agasanduku k'ibikoresho byo guhuza ibintu kari gafunze neza gafite imbaraga za 6 kV.

Irangi ryari ryaratwitse, umugozi w'umuringa wivanzemo ikintu kimwe - kandi aho hantu hamaze ibyumweru bitandatu hatarimo gukoreshwa.
Ubwishingizi yabyise “igikorwa cy’Imana.” Nabyise SPD yabuze.

Ubu nshyiramo ibikoresho byo kurinda surge muri buri gasanduku k'ibikoresho byo guhuza.
Bagabanya umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi kugeza kuri 1.5 kV, bakomeza kugereranya umuriro na UL 94 V-0, kandi bareka inverter igakomeza kugurisha ingufu mu gihe inkubi y'umuyaga ikomeje gutera.
Ubwo ni bwo bwishingizi buhendutse cyane nigeze kugura.

Icyo ubwiyongere bw'ingufu bukora mu by'ukuri imbere mu gasanduku

Insinga ya DC ni antene ya metero 200.
Iyo inkuba ikubise mu birometero bibiri, insinga ishobora gufata umuvuduko wa 4 kV.
Iyo idafite SPD, iyo migozi inyura ku gikoresho gifata fuse, igashonga fuse ya 15 A, igasimbuka ku rukuta rw'akabati.
Ku bushyuhe bwa 6 000 °C, irangi rihinduka karuboni maze agasanduku kagahinduka isoko y'umuriro.

Ndacyabika amafoto yo mu bice bitatu byahiye aho raporo y'inkongi y'umuriro yanditseho ngo “amashanyarazi.”
Nyuma yo kongeramo SPDs ku gishushanyo mbonera kimwe, raporo ikurikiraho yagize iti: “nta cyangiritse.”

Uburyo napima SPD mu gasanduku

Nyuma y'imyaka myinshi yo gupima no gutsindwa, norohereje uburyo bwo guhitamo ibintu bitatu:

Umuvuduko wa DC wa sisitemu– igomba kurenza Voc kuri −20 °C.

Umuyoboro w'amazi usohora amazi (Muri)– 20 kA ku birere byoroheje, 40 kA ku bice byo ku nkombe cyangwa ahantu hashyuha cyane.

Urwego rwo kurinda amashanyarazi (Hejuru)– guma munsi y’igipimo cy’ingufu cya inverter (ubusanzwe 2 kV).

Dore uko iyo mibare igaragara mu buryo bufatika:

Sinigeze ngura SPD ntayo mfite Umuyoboro w'amazi wa DC arcbyanditse ku rupapuro rwayo rw'amakuru.
Ibyo bimbwira ko ishobora kwangiza umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi udategereje ko inverter isubiramo.
Nanone ndashimangira ko raporo y'ikizamini cyo hagati— bigaragaza ko module yananiwe mu buryo butekanye mu gihe cy'imihangayiko.

Aho nyishyira

Nshyira SPD kuri DIN reli imwe n'izifite ibyuma, uburebure bw'insinga buri munsi ya cm 30 kandi nkazungurutsa iyo mpande zombi kugira ngo nice inductance.
Buri santimetero y'inyongera yongeraho hafi 10 V kuri 1 kA/µs, bityo cm 50 z'ubushyuhe zishobora guhindura icyuma cya 1.5 kV kikavamo impanuka ya 2 kV.

Nshyiramo agace gato ka 3 A iruhande rwako.
Urubuga rumwe muri Texas ubu rwasimbuje SPD yatsinzwe mu minota iri munsi y'ine.
Ahantu haberanye n'aho haracyakenewe gufungwa burundu - kandi hatakaza amasaha atatu y'izuba ryinshi.

Ibipimo by'amashanyarazi ya DC n'urwego rw'uburinzi byasobanuwe

Nigeze kwizera icyapa cya "1000 V" SPD ntarebeye ku bushyuhe.
Iryo kosa ryakanze inverter ebyiri kandi ryantwaye amafaranga menshi kurusha imodoka yanjye ya mbere.

Ubu mpa amanota kuri buri SPD iri hejuru ya 20% ya Voc mu gihe cy'ubukonje, kandi ndemeza ko voltage yayo ya clamp iri munsi ya 30% ya inverter.
Iryo tegeko ry’intambwe ebyiri ryatumye ubwishingizi bwanjye buguma kuri zeru mu gihe cy’imyaka itanu.

Impamvu Voc kuri −20 °C ari ingenzi

Umuvuduko wa silikoni uzamukaho 0.3% kuri dogere iri munsi ya 25 °C.
Umugozi wanditse 950 V kuri 25 °C ugera kuri 1 090 V kuri −20 °C.
Niba SPD's Uc yawe ari 1 000 V gusa, izatangira kuvamo umuriro, ishyuhe, hanyuma irangire.
Nayize mu buryo bugoye muri Ontario, aho amasomo cumi n'abiri yaguye mu mwijima mu ijoro ryose.

Uburyo bwo gusoma Up, Uc, na In udafite PhD

Uc– voltage ntarengwa ya DC SPD ishobora kwihanganira buri gihe.

Hejuru– ingufu zisigaye mu gihe cy'izamuka ry'umuvuduko.

Muri– umuyoboro w'amazi ushobora kurokoka inshuro cumi n'eshanu nta cyangiritse.

Nandika iyi mibare itatu ku gapapuro k'umuhondo kari muri buri gasanduku k'ibihuza.
Umutekinisiye uwo ari we wese ashobora kwemeza ko umukino uhuye mu masegonda make.

Umutego wihishe: uburebure bw'insinga nyuma ya SPD

Iki gikoresho kiba kuri terminal za SPD, ariko inverter yawe ibona gusa ibyo hamwe n'igabanuka ry'insinga.
Napimye 1.8 kV kuri SPD, ariko 2.4 kV kuri inverter iri muri metero 35 uvuye aho.
Ubu nongeraho SPD ya kabiri kuri inverter igihe cyose DC irenze metero 20.
Igura hafi amadorari 42 kandi izigama inverter ya 12 000 USD.

Ubwoko bwa 1 vs Ubwoko bwa 2 SPD – Itandukaniro ni irihe?

Hari umucuruzi wigeze kunyoherereza ibice bya "Type 2" byo gushyira mu gasanduku gashyizwemo fremu.
Imyigaragambyo ya mbere yabereye, maze raporo y'ubwishingizi ivuga ko "icyiciro kitari cyo" - ikirego cyarahakanwe.

Uyu munsi, nkoresha ubwoko bwa 1 SPDs ku dusanduku dufatanye n'umurabyo, n'ubwoko bwa 2 ku dusanduku twashyizwe kure ya metero zirenga makumyabiri.
Iryo tandukaniro rimwe ni ryo rigena niba umuvuduko upfa hanze cyangwa niba wihuta cyane mu cyumba cyawe cya inverter.

Umuraba w'igerageza ufite akamaro cyane

Ubwoko bwa 1– igeragejwe n'umuraba wa 10/350 µs (25 C charge), isa n'aho ikubita mu buryo butaziguye.

Ubwoko bwa 2– byapimwe hakoreshejwe umuraba wa 8/20 µs, bigana umuvuduko uterwa n'amazi.

Nshyiramo ama-waveforms yombi muri buri tumiza ry'ibicuruzwa.
Hari igihe umucuruzi yagerageje kugurisha ibice bya "Type 1 + 2" bifite ikizamini cya 8/20 µs gusa.
Nanze icyo kibanza mbere yuko kigera kuri gasutamo.

Itandukaniro ry'ibiciro mu madolari nyayo

Ahantu hafite ingufu za megawati 200, ni delta ya 64 000 USD —ariko inverter string imwe yangiritse igura 120 000 USD.
Icyo nakoze: Ubwoko bwa 1 ku cyuma cya mbere cya buri murongo, Ubwoko bwa 2 ku bindi.
Bizigama 42% by'ingengo y'imari kandi binahaza buri mwishingizi wese.

Uburyo bwo kumenya ubwoko bw'impimbano bw'imvange

Hari inyuguti zivuga ngo “T1+T2,” ariko imbere harimo varistor ya 40 kA 8/20 µs gusa.
Buri gihe ngenzura Imipna ingufu zihariye (MJ)agaciro kari ku rupapuro rw'amakuru.
Iyo babuze, ndagenda.
Hanyuma nemeza inomero ya dosiye ya UL 1449 kuri interineti mu gihe umucuruzi agitangira kuvuga.

Inama zo gushyiraho ibikoresho birinda imirasire y'izuba

Nigeze guhindura umurongo no gushyiramo SPD nshya maze ndeba varistor isimbuka mu kabati.
Urusaku rwari rwinshi cyane ku buryo umurinzi yaguye ikawa ye.

Ubu nshyiramo umuringa wa AWG 10 kuri buri SPD, ngashyira ahantu hagomba kuba munsi ya cm² 5, hanyuma ngashyiramo icyuma gikuraho DIN cya 32 A kugira ngo ikipe ibashe kugisimbuza aho kiri.
Izi ngeso zigabanya igihe cyo gusana kigera ku minota umunani gusa.

Gushyiraho intambwe ku yindi nigisha buri munyeshuri wimenyereza umwuga

1.Ica umugozi ukoresheje switch ya DC hanyuma utegereze Voc

2Shyira SPD iruhande rwa za fuse, shyiramo agasanduku hejuru.

3.Gusatura 6 mm z'ubushyuhe gusa — komeza icyuho cy'umwuka.

4.Torque igera kuri 1.2 Nm — vis zirekuye zongerera ubushyuhe 50 °C.

5Ongeraho agace ka 32 A gafite izina UMUTERERE WA SPDmu Cyongereza n'Icyesipanyoli.

Nfotora buri gice cyose hanyuma nkagishyira muri dosiye yacu ya cloud.
Iyo ubwishingizi busabye icyemezo, nohereza iyo link mbere ya saa sita.

Uburyo bwo gushingiraho nta muntu wanditse

Koresha insinga yabigenewe ya mm² 6 y'icyatsi kibisi n'umuhondo uyivane mu butaka bwa SPD uyishyire ku gasanduku k'ubutaka.
Ntukigere ukoresha umuyoboro wa daisy mu bindi bikoresho — wongeraho 0.5 Ω kandi ukazamura clamp kuri 500 V kuri 1 kA.
Nabyemeje nkoresheje scope ya 50 MHz; imibare ntabwo ibeshya.

Ibikoresho mbitse mu ikamyo

Nyuma ya buri kazi, nsoma kode ya QR ya SPD hanyuma nkandika itariki.
Iyi porogaramu inyibutsa kongera gusuzuma mu mwaka wa kabiri.
Kuva natangira iyo gahunda, twagize nta gutsindwa gutunguranye.

Umwanzuro

Hitamo SPD ikwiye rimwe, maze uzasinzira mu gihe cy'umuyaga wose.
Nyoherereza voltage y'urutonde rwawe n'aho urubuga ruherereye —
Nzahuza neza n'uburyo bwo kurinda umuraba ukeneye mbere yuko inkuba ikurikiraho ibaho.