Ni gute watandukanya igikoresho gikingira Surge (SPD) n'icyuma gifata inkuba?

Nigeze gukaranga ikibaho cya CNC cya $20.000 kuko navanze udusanduku tubiri twari kuri icyo kibaho.

Ndabwira abaguzi: SPD ni umurinzi uri mu gipangu gihagarika imiraba migufi kandi ikaze; umurinzi uri hejuru y'inzu uyobora umugozi munini ku butaka. Basa neza, ariko babika amafaranga yawe mu buryo butandukanye rwose.

Komeza usome nzakwereka ibyapa nyabyo, imibare y'ibizamini, n'ibiciro bidafite aho bihuriye n'uko njya mu ruganda kugira ngo utazongera kubivangavanga ukundi.

Ni iki Igikoresho cyo kurinda Surge (SPD)?

Umwaka ushize nasimbuje "agasanduku k'ingufu" katari ko mu ruganda rwa pulasitiki rwo muri Florida maze ndagafunga inshuro ebyiri.

SPD niyita switch yihuta igabanya 6 kV ikagera kuri 600 V mu masegonda make kugira ngo amatara, PLC, n'amatara bikomeze kumera nk'imivuduko ya buri munsi igenda ku mains.

Imbere mu gasanduku k'icyuma

SPD ifite ibice bitatu gusa: metal-oxide varistors (MOV), umuyoboro usohora gaze, n'ubushyuhe butuma amashanyarazi adasohoka. MOV ikora nk'ingufu zikora akazi. Iyo umurongo urenze voltage yo gufunga, ubukana bwa MOV bugabanuka buva kuri mega-ohms bujya kuri ohms maze umuriro w'inyongera woherezwa ku nsinga idafite aho ihuriye. Umuyoboro wa gaze ufata amasegonda magana make ya mbere kugira ngo MOV idashonga. Iyo umuvuduko ari muremure ku buryo ibice bishyuha cyane, fuse y'ubushyuhe irakinguka maze idirishya rito ritukura rigahinduka umukara. Ibyo bituma abashinzwe kubungabunga bashyiramo karito nshya hanyuma bagafunga umuryango. Nta mirimo yo ku gisenge, nta crane, nta mufundi w'amashanyarazi uri mu mugozi.

Imibare nandika kuri quote

Noherereza buri muguzi ameza y'umurongo umwe kugira ngo injeniyeri w'uruganda abashe gusuzuma igishushanyo cy'urubaho mu masegonda atanu:

Inkuru isanzwe nica muri buri guhamagara

“SPD izankiza inkuba.” Oya. Izankiza ibisigaye byinjira nyuma y’uko icyuma gifata ibintu ku giti gikoze igikorwa gikomeye cyo kuzamura ibintu. Niba utegereje ko SPD ifata 100 kA direct strike, disiki za MOV zizacika maze agasanduku ka pulasitiki karashonga. Buri gihe ngurisha ibi bibiri: icyuma gifata ibintu hanze, SPD imbere.

Igikoresho cyo gufata inkuba ni iki?

Nahagaze ku gisenge cy'ububiko bwo muri Texas mu 2022 maze mbona inkoni ifite ijipo ya porcelain yacitse; umuyobozi w'uruganda yatekereje ko ari "icyuma gusa."

Igikoresho gifata inkuba ni cyo mvange igabanya umuvuduko mwinshi; giha imirabyo ya amplifiers 200 000 inzira itaziguye igana ku isi ku buryo inyubako itigera yumva icyo ikora.

Uko icyuho cy'ingufu gikora

Agakoresho ko gufata umuriro gaherereye hagati y'umurongo wo hejuru n'umuyoboro w'ubutaka. Imbere harimo agace k'ibice bya varistor. Munsi y'umuyoboro usanzwe w'amashanyarazi, agace kaba gafunguye. Iyo igicu kiguye, umuriro uhita ugera kuri za volti za miriyoni. Ibice bya varistor bihita bitwara maze umuriro umanuka ku muyoboro w'umuringa ujya ku giti cy'ubutaka. Iyo umuvuduko urangiye, ibice bihita bizimya bityo umurongo ukomeza gutanga imizigo. Igikorwa cyose kimara amasegonda 100. Niba ibice bihendutse cyangwa byacitse biguma bishyushye; niyo mpamvu nsaba ko habaho gupima ikirere buri mwaka.

Ibyiciro by'amashanyarazi uzabona ku ikarita y'izina

Ndavuga amagambo afatwa mu byiciro bitatu kugira ngo umuguzi abashe guhuza ingufu z'amashanyarazi:

Ikinyuranyo cy'ibiciro hagati y'Ubushinwa n'ikirango cya A

Imashini ifata polymer ya 33 kV yo mu murongo wanjye wa Wenzhou inyura kuri IEC 60099-4 kandi igura $49. Ishusho imwe yo muri kataloge y'ubururu bw'i Burayi igaragaza $210. Naretse Jeff akora ikizamini cya 15 kV impulse i Houston kandi itandukaniro ry'amashanyarazi yari 3% gusa. Yaguze ibice 200 byo gukoresha mu ifamu y'umuyaga maze azigama $32 000.

Shyiramo umutego abaguzi benshi ntibawubona

Ugomba kugira umurizo w'umuringa wa metero 1 bitabaye ibyo inductance ihinduka 1000 V kuri metero maze bolt ikazasimbuka ku ruhande. Nohereza igishushanyo cya stencil kuri buri gicuruzwa kugira ngo rwiyemezamirimo atashobora gupfunyika insinga mu buryo bwiza kugira ngo "isa neza."

Ni irihe tandukaniro ry'ingenzi riri hagati ya SPD na Lightning Arrester?

Nigeze gutakaza itegeko rishya kuko umuguzi yatanze ibintu byombi munsi ya "stuff surge" maze agura ibifunga bibiri byo kubikamo ibintu.

Mfite ikarita y'uburiganya mu mufuka wanjye: arrester ifata inkuba nini ya 100 kA ikubiswe hanze, SPD ikata ibisigazwa bito bya 20 kV imbere; bitandukanye mu ngufu, umuvuduko, aho biherereye n'igiciro.

Isiganwa ry'ingufu – 1000: 1

Umurabyo uhita utera ushobora gusohora megajoule 1000. Igikoresho cyanjye kinini cya 33 kV gipimwa kugira ngo gikurure 10 kJ/kV, hafi 300 kJ yose hamwe. SPD ipimwa kuri 320 J kuri disiki ya varistor. Niyo mpamvu tubishyiraho: igikoresho cya arrester kirya inyama, SPD irya utuntu duto.

Isiganwa ry'umuvuduko - 1 vs 100 microsegonda

Umugozi uzamuka muri mikorosegonda imwe. Icyuho cya gaze kiri mu gikoresho cyo gufata gihita gitangira muri µs 0.1. MOV iri muri SPD ikenera nanosegonda 25, ariko ni nyuma y'umugozi muremure bityo imbere iba yagabanutse. Iyo uhinduye byombi, MOV iraturika mbere yuko igikoresho cyo gufata gihita gikanguka.

Irushanwa ry'ibiciro – 50: 1

Arrester $49, SPD $18. Shyira ihenze hejuru y'inzu aho hakenewe icyuma kimwe gusa, naho ihendutse muri buri gice aho ukeneye makumyabiri.

Ni gute SPD irinda ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi?

Nabonye imigati yo muri Florida itakaza ingendo eshatu zihindagurika mu kwezi kumwe kugeza ubwo twafashe imodoka ebyiri za DIN-rail SPDs zinyura muri bisi.

Ndasobanurira abayobozi b'inganda ko SPD ari icyuma gikingira amashanyarazi; ibona umuvuduko uje, igakubita urugi, maze igaha gusa amashanyarazi ya 600 V anyura kuri PLC na disiki zawe.

Intambwe ku yindi mu magambo asanzwe

1. Isonga ryinjira ku murongo wa 1.
2. MOV yumva umuriro mwinshi kandi ubushobozi bwayo bwo kurwanya umuyaga bugasenyuka.
3. Umuriro w'inyongera ushyirwa ku ruhande mu gice cy'umuyoboro udafite aho ubogamiye.
4. Umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi uri hagati y'umurongo wa 1 n'udafite aho ubogamiye ntujya uzamuka hejuru ya kV 1.2.
5. Icyiciro cyo kwinjira muri drive kibona gusa 480 V hamwe n'akantu gato kandi kigakomeza gukora.

Imibare nyayo yo mu ntebe yanjye yo gupimisha

Narashe umuraba wa 6 kV 3 kA 8/20 µs muri SPD ya 40 kA. Voltage isigaye ku nsinga zisohoka yari 960 V. Disiki isanzwe ya 480 V ishobora kuguma kuri 1.5 kV, bityo ingano ni 540 V. Jeff yasabye ingano y'umutekano ya 20%; twahisemo 60 kA moderi maze tubona 780 V isigaye. Yahagaritse kugura disiki zisigaye.

Ameza nsiga hamwe n'amatsinda ashinzwe kubungabunga

Niba hari agasanduku kananiwe, shyiramo karito hanyuma ushyiremo akandi gashya. Nta turunevateri cyangwa kuzimya.

Ni gute icyuma gifata inkuba kirinda sisitemu z'amashanyarazi?

Narebye umurongo wa 33 kV mu Buhinde uhita ushonga metero 200 za aluminiyumu kugeza ubwo dushyiramo ibikoresho byo gufata polymer kuri buri giti.

Ndabwira abaguzi b'ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi: icyuma gifata umuvuduko ni valve igabanya umuvuduko mu kirere; gifata umuvuduko wa miliyoni ya volts kikawujugunya mu muyoboro w'ubutaka mbere y'uko amavuta ya transformer abira.

Igipimo cy'ingufu z'amashanyarazi ugereranije n'ingufu z'ikoranabuhanga - itegeko rya 25%

Hitamo ifata umuriro ifite agaciro ka 75% by'amashanyarazi ya mudasobwa. Kuri sisitemu ya 33 kV, ntora ifata umuriro wa 30 kV. Ibyo bitanga 25% ku buryo ifata umuriro idakora iyo hari ibibyimba bisanzwe, ariko iracyari munsi cyane y'urugero rw'insinga rwa 170 kV.

Igenzura ry'ingufu rikoresheje uburebure bwa conductor iri hasi

Ingufu icyuma gifata umwuka kigomba kwinjiza zikura hamwe n'umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi n'uburebure bw'umurizo w'umuringa. Nkoresha formula E = 0.5 × L × I². Ku muvuduko wa 100 kA na 1 µH/m ku murizo wa metero 2, E = 0.5 × 2 × 100 000² = 10 MJ. Igikoresho cyanjye gifata umwuka cya 33 kV cyapimwe kuri 10 kJ/kV × 30 kV = 300 kJ. Urusobe rw'ubutaka rugomba kurya ibisigaye, bityo ndashimangira ko hari ≤4 Ω idashobora guhagarara ku butaka.

Inyigo y'ikibazo - umuyaga ukoreshwa mu buhinzi muri Texas

Turbine 100, buri imwe ifite umurongo wo gukusanya wa 34.5 kV. Twashyizemo icyuma kimwe cyo gufata ibintu kuri buri giti cya gatatu no kuri buri transformateur. Nyuma y'imyaka ibiri, igitero cyahise gikubita igice cya B. Igikoresho cyo gufata ibintu cyarashe, icyuma cyongera gufunga kirakingurwa, maze turbine ntizigera zihagarara. Iyo hatabaho abafata ibintu, ikigo cyari kwishyura amadorari 50.000 y'amande yo guhomba.

Ni izihe gahunda zisanzwe za SPD na lightning arresters?

Nagiye mu ruganda rw’inkweto rwo muri Vietnam rwari rwakoresheje $8.000 ku nkoni zo ku gisenge naho zeru ku mapane; imashini zabo za CNC zarananiwe buri mvura.

Nshyira itegeko ryoroshye ku kibaho cyera: abafata ibintu barinda gridi hanze, abashinzwe umutekano barinda uduce tw’amashanyarazi imbere; shyira buri kimwe aho cyageragejwe cyangwa utwika amafaranga kabiri.

Aho ngurisha SPDs

- Ibyuma bihindura imiterere y'imashini mu miyoboro ya plastiki

- Ibikoresho bya PLC mu nganda zishyiramo amacupa

- Amatara ya siporo ya LED ku miyoboro ya 480 V

- UPS yinjiye mu bubiko bw'amakuru

Aho ngurisha ibikoresho byo gufata

- Imiyoboro ya 33 kV ikoreshwa mu nganda zikora amavuta ya palme

- Transformateur zikoresha umuyaga zizamuka zikoresheje turbine

- Udusanduku tw'ingufu zihuza imirasire y'izuba 1500 V DC

- Sitasiyo zo gukurura gari ya moshi

Imirimo ivanze - ibikoresho byombi

Ibitaro: abafata kuri 11 kV injiza, SPD kuri buri gipangu cyo hasi.

Ibigo by'amakuru: ibikoresho byo gufata amakuru biri mu bubiko bw'ibikoresho, SPD kuri UPS, SPD zongeye kuba ku miyoboro ya seriveri.

Uruganda ruheruka rwa Jeff rukora pulasitiki: Abantu 30 bafatiwe ku murongo w'ibiti, abantu 120 bafatiwe mu ruganda. Yahagaritse kugura amakarita y'inyongera ya I/O.

Ni hehe hakunze gushyirwa SPD na Lightning Arresters?

Nigeze kubona itsinda rishinzwe kubungabunga ibikoresho rihambira SPD ku gisenge cy'icyuma; inkubi y'umuyaga ya mbere yajugunye imashini zitwikira pulasitiki.

Buri rwiyemezamirimo mpa ishusho y'urupapuro rumwe: umuntu ufata icyuma aba ku giti cyangwa ku nkombe y'igisenge, SPD iba imbere y'urugi rw'imashini kuri rail ya 35 mm DIN; insinga ziguma ari ngufi kandi zigororotse bitabaye ibyo inductance irarenga igice.

Urupapuro rw'uburiganya rwo gukuraho kaseti ya I imbere mu nzugi z'ibipande

Igishushanyo mbonera cy'igisenge cya Jeff I

1. Aho umwuka uhagarara (inkoni) ku murambararo muremure cyane.
2. Umuringa wo hasi ufite icyuma cya AWG 2, inzira ngufi igera ku nkoni y'ubutaka.
3. Arrester ishyizwe ku rukuta, uruhande rw'umurongo ugana ku gikoresho cy'ingenzi, uruhande rw'ubutaka rugana ku nkoni imwe.
4. Imbere mu gipangu kinini, SPD iri muri bisi, itaka rigera ku mugozi w'umuringa.

Urusobe rw'ubutaka rumwe, imirimo ibiri, nta rujijo na ruto.

Ni gute wahitamo igikoresho gikwiye kijyanye n'ibyo ukeneye?

Hari umuguzi wo muri Maleziya wigeze kunyoherereza RFQ ku bintu bya "surge things" maze ndavuga 500 kuri buri kimwe; mu by'ukuri yari akeneye SPD gusa.

Mbaza ibibazo bitatu: ni voltage iri ku mugozi, ni ingufu zingana iki zishobora kuwukubita, kandi insinga iherereye he? Bisubize hanyuma inomero y'igice irabyandika.

Igiciro cy'ibyemezo nandikiye abaguzi kuri imeri

1. Insinga ni mbere ya metero cyangwa nyuma yayo?

– Mbere ya → umuntu ufata.

– Nyuma → jya kuri 2.

2. Ese umuraba uturuka ku nkuba cyangwa ku mizigo iri imbere?

– Inkuba → igifunga hanze + SPD imbere.

– VFD, gusudira, contactor → SPD gusa.

3. Voltage ya sisitemu ni iyihe?

– 120 V, 277 V, 480 V, 690 V → pick SPD ifite Uc 15% hejuru y’iy’izina.

– 6 kV, 11 kV, 33 kV → Pick arrester ifite 75% by'amashanyarazi y'umurongo.

Imbonerahamwe y'ihitamo ryihuse ncapa ku biciro

Zengurutsa umurongo, shyira umukono ku nyandiko y'akazi, funga dosiye.

Ni gute SPD na Inkuba zifata imirabyo bigomba kubungabungwa no gupimwa?

Nagiye mu Budage muri Werurwe ishize kubera ko idirishya rya SPD ryahindutse umukara nyuma y'amezi atandatu gusa; uruganda rwari rwashyize inyuma insinga zitagira aho zibogamiye.

Ntoza abakozi: ndeba mu idirishya buri gihembwe, npima amazi asohoka rimwe mu mwaka, n'ibikoresho byo gupima ubushyuhe nyuma ya buri mvura; niba igipimo cy'ubushyuhe kiri hejuru ya 10°C ugereranyije n'ikirere, gihindure mbere yuko giturika.

Urutonde rw'ipaji imwe nshyiraho ku nzugi z'ibipande

Ibikoresho byo gusimburana nibyohereza hamwe na buri gutumiza

- 5% by'inyongera bya MOV kuri SPDs

- Udusanduku tubiri twa polymer tw'inyongera ku bikoresho byo gufata

- Temometero 1 ya infrared, icyitegererezo cya DT-380

Jeff abika ibikoresho mu cyumba cy'iduka; igihe cyo kuruhuka cyagabanutse kiva ku masaha umunani ku mwaka kigera kuri zeru.

Umwanzuro

Nubatse uruganda rwa metero kare 2000 nohereza ibikoresho 300 000 ngenzura itegeko rimwe ryoroshye: gufata ibintu hanze, SPD imbere.

Fungura agasanduku kawe, urebe insinga, hanyuma utumize umurinzi ukwiye uyu munsi—imashini zawe n'umucungamari wawe bazagushimira.