Ibisubizo bya SPD by'izuba bigezweho ku buryo bworoshye bwo gukoresha PV mu 2025

Ndibuka umunsi inkuba imwe yakubise 40% by'ibyuma bihindura ibyuma by'abakiriya banjye ku gisenge cy'inzu. Iki gihombo gikomeye cyagaragaje akamaro ko gushyiraho ibikoresho bigezweho byo kurinda umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi (SPDs)) kuri buri panel y'izuba, bigamije gutuma habaho imikorere myiza ndetse no mu gihe cy'imvura nyinshi.

Nkoresha metero kare 2,000 SPD y'izuba ikoresheje ubuhangauruganda ruri i Wenzhou, nanjye nohereza ibikoresho bishobora gusimburwa mu Budage, mu Bufaransa, muri Amerika no mu Buhinde. Mu 2025, abahanga cyane kurusha abandi ibikoresho byo kurinda imirasire y'izuba (SPDs)huza amanota 1.000 ya V dc,gukurikirana mu buryo bw'igihe nyacyo mu bicu ubushobozi, hamwe na karitsiye zishyushye zigabanya imigozi y'ikamyo ho 70%. Nzakwereka uburyo bwo kuzitoranya, kuzishyira no kuziha icyemezo kugira ngo urebe ko sisitemu yawe irinzwe cyane.

Niba uri umuguzi wanga ibintu bitunguranye, guma iruhande rwanjye. Ibice bikurikira bizagufasha kwirinda kwangirika kw'ibicuruzwa, ikirego cy'imizigo n'amabaruwa aturuka ku bakozi b'urubuga.

 Kuki Uburinzi bw'ibiza Ibintu Bijyanye n'Ingufu z'Izuba

Muri Kamena ishize, nabonye EPC itakaza urubuga rwa 2 MW kuko yasibye kurinda imirasire y'izubakuzigama USD 0.01 kuri watt. Inkubi y'umuyaga ya mbere yamutwaye USD 180.000 mu byuma bihindura amashanyarazi.

Ndinda imishinga yanjye nkoresheje Ibikoresho byo kurinda isuri yo mu bwoko bwa 1 + 2 (SPDs)kuko inkuba imwe ishobora gusunika 50 kA mu nsinga za PV. Nta burenganzirakurinda inkuba ku mirasire y'izuba, ko ingufu ziteka udusanduku tw’amahuriro, optimizers na inverters. Iyo mfite unit ikwiye, nshyira 99% by’umuvuduko w’amazi hasi kandi ngakomeza gukora.

Igiciro nyacyo cy'izamuka ry'ingufu si ibikoresho byokeje

Inverter ikaranze ni intangiriro gusa. Abakiriya banjye bo muri Texas barahomba USD 1,500 ku munsikuri buri gice cya 100 kW kitari kuri interineti. Niba OEM yatumijwe mu byumweru bitandatu, ayo madolari 120 make igikoresho cyo kurinda imirasire y'izuba (SPD)mu buryo butunguranye bisa nkaho ari ibintu bishimishije. Nta buryo bukwiye kurinda imirasire y'izuba, igihe cyo kuruhuka no gusana biba ibintu bihenze cyane.

Uburyo kwiyongera kw'amashanyarazi mu miyoboro ya PV

Ibitero bitaziguye ni gake cyane. Ibyinshi byangiritse bituruka ku kwiyongera kw'amashanyarazi ku miyoboro miremire ya DC. Mbipima nkoresheje icyuma gifata amashusho cya Fluke; imiyoboro ya 6 kV igaragara mu birometero 30 uvuye aho inkubi y'umuyaga iherereye. Niyo mpamvu nshyira SPDs ku mpera zombi z'umugozi, atari kuri inverter gusa.

Uburyo buhishe bwo gutsindwa abaguzi ntibabona

Hari SPD zibura ubushobozi bwo kuzikoresha. Iyo igikoresho kidafite ubushyuhe buhagije, kirashya munsi ya dogere 5 A. Ndasaba ko gitangira gukoresha umuriro. amahame agenga uburinzi bw'umurabanka UL 1449 4th-edition compliance hamwe n'igipimo cya 40 kA SCCR kuri buri gice ntumiza. Imbonerahamwe iri hepfo igaragaza ibyo ngenzura mbere yuko ikarito iva ku cyambu cyanjye.

 SPD y'izuba ni iki kandi irinda ibikoresho bya PV

Ubwo nerekaga umukobwa wanjye SPD bwa mbere, yavuze ko isa n'itafari ry'ivu rifite insinga. Namubwiye ko ari icyuma gifungurira urugi rw'inyuma kugira ngo inkuba ibone.

Nkora SPD z'izuba nkoresheje varistore za metal-oxide hamwe na tubes za gaz. Iyo voltage irenze 1,200 V, ibice bifungana na 25 ns hanyuma bigahita bitera umuvuduko ku butaka. Nyuma y'igikorwa, icyuma gitangira gukora kandi urutonde rukomeza gutanga grid. Abakiriya banjye babona ko nta ruhushya ruhari muri 95% by'ibiza.

Imbere mu itafari ry'ivu

Buri kimweigice cyo kurinda imirasire y'izubaMu ruganda rwanjye nkoresha disiki ya MOV ifite ubuso bwa mm 32 kare. Nshyiramo eshatu zikurikiranye kugira ngo ngere kuri Vdc 1.000. Fuse y'ubushyuhe iri kuri disiki yo hejuru; iyo ubushyuhe bugeze kuri 120 °C, isoko irafunguka maze LED igahinduka umutuku. Ibi bituma igice cyangiritse kidakora neza kiva kuri bisi.

Uburinzi bw'urwego rw'imigozi ugereranije n'urwego rwa inverter

Nkoresha umugoziSPDs z'urusobe rw'izubaiyo homerun irengeje metero 30. Ku byuma bihindura inverters, nshyiraho icyuma gishyirwa ku gisenge Uburinzi bw'umuvuduko wa DC na ACigice kiri kuri bisi ya DC n'ikindi kiri kuri AC output. Imbonerahamwe iri hepfo igaragaza amabwiriza agenga imeli z'ikipe yanjye kuri buri muguzi.

Impamvu ntarizera gusa "fuse" zifite imiterere y'ubwiyongere

Uburinzi bw'ingufuIgihe cyo gusubiza ni ingenzi cyane. Fuse zigenda buhoro. Fuse ya 15 GPV ikenera 35 A mu munota umwe kugira ngo ifunguke. Muri icyo gihe, spike ya 6 kV yamaze gukaranga driver ya inverter gate.Ibikoresho byo kurinda isuri (SPDs)gukora muri nanosegonda; fuse ikora muri milisegonda. Nkoresha byombi, ariko sinigera nsimbuka SPD.

 Uburyo bwo guhitamo SPD y'izuba ikwiye kuri sisitemu yawe

Nigeze kohereza ibitari byoguhitamo SPD y'izubaku rubuga rwa Florida. Uwashyizeho porogaramu yakoresheje ibyuma 600 bya V ku mugozi wa 1.000 V. Nyuma y'amezi atatu, ibyuma byaragabanutse maze bigabanya umubare w'ibikoresho. Iryo kosa ryantwaye indege zitwara 8.200 USD kugira ngo zisimbuzwe.

Igihe guhitamo SPD nziza cyane y'izubakuri sisitemu yawe, nujuje ibisabwa bitatu by'ingenzi: voltage ya sisitemu, umuyoboro wa "short-circuit", n'isuzuma ry'imiterere y'umuraba. Ibi byemeza ko igikoresho cyo kurinda imirasire y'izubayateguwe neza kugira ngo ishobore guhangana n'ingaruka z'izamuka ryitezwe.

Igipimo cy'amashanyarazi: akayunguruzo ka mbere

Uruganda rwanjye rufite 600 V, 1.000 V na 1.500 V. Ndasaba umuguzi ingufu z'amashanyarazi zifunguye ku munsi ukonje cyane mu mwaka, hanyuma nongereho 20%. Niba VOC ari 850 V, ndasimbuka njya ku gice cya 1.000 V. Ibi birinda kwangirika kw'ibipfukamunwa mu gitondo cy'itumba.

Igipimo cy'ingufu n'ubushyuhe: akayunguruzo ka kabiri

Ngenzura umuyoboro wa DC short-circuit wa inverter max. Fuse y'umugozi ya 15 A bivuze ko SPD ikeneye gusa 20 kA Imax. Kuri inverter ya V 1,500 ifite fuse ya 240 A, ndasimbuka nkagera kuri 100 kA. Imbonerahamwe iri hepfo igaragaza uburyo ngereranya ingano ya fuse n'umubare w'igice.

Gukurikirana kure: ivugurura rya 2025

Muri uyu mwaka nongeyeho chip ya RS-485 muri SPD. Inverter isoma umubare w'ingufu ziterwa n'amashanyarazi, umuvuduko w'amazi asohoka, n'ubushyuhe. kugenzura imirasire y'izuba ya SPD hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga rya kureIyo amazi arenze 1 mA, uruganda runyoherereza ubutumwa bwa elegitoroniki. Ntanga karitosi nshya mbere yuko imashini inanirwa. Abaguzi banjye mu Budage barayikunda kuko ikuraho imizingo y'ikamyo itarateguwe.

 Amahame Mpuzamahanga n'Iyubahirizwa ry'Ingufu za SPD z'Izuba

Natakaje isoko ry'Abafaransa kuko uwo twari duhanganye yagaragaje icyemezo cyo kurinda indwara y'ubwiyongere bw'umuvudukokuva kuri TÜV nanjye nari mfite urupapuro rwo muri laboratwari y'Abashinwa gusa. Umuguzi yizeraga kashe y'Abadage kurusha amakuru yanjye. Namenye ko icyemezo cya SPD cy'izubani ingenzi kimwe n'umusaruro ubwawo.

Ubu nemeza buri kubahiriza SPD y'izubakuri IEC 61643-31, UL 1449 4th, na EN 50539-11. Ibi bitatu bikubiyemo impande za DC na AC, umutekano w'inkongi y'umuriro, na EMC. Nifashishije dosiye zuzuye, nshyira mu bikorwa gasutamo i Hamburg, Los Angeles, na Mumbai mu masaha atarenze 48, nkareba ko buri gice cyujuje ibisabwa byose. amahame mpuzamahanga kuri SPDs.

IEC 61643-31: Bibiliya ya DC

Iyi ngenderwaho igena voltage ya 1.2/50 µs n'umuraba w'amashanyarazi wa 8/20 µs. Ngomba kwemezaIbipimo ngenderwaho byo gupima imirasire y'izuba ya SPDnka Up kuri 3 kA n'ubushyuhe buhamye kuri 5 A. Laboratwari yanjye i Wenzhou ikora ingero 20 kandi igafata amashusho y'ikizamini. Nshyira videwo kuri Alibaba; abaguzi bakunda ubwisanzure kandi bizera ibyacu. ikizamini cyo kurinda ubwiyongere bw'umuvudukouburyo.

UL 1449 icapiro rya kane: umurinzi w'irembo wa Amerika

UL isaba ko habaho igipimo cy'umuvuduko wa 40 kA n'ikizamini cy'ubushyuhe bw'amasaha 1.000. Ntwara ibibaho muri laboratwari za UL i Suzhou buri gihembwe kugira ngo nkore ibisabwa kugira ngo SPD yemezwe n'izuba. Inomero ya dosiye yanditswe ku kirango kugira ngo Jeff wo muri Texas ayirebe kuri interineti. Ibi bikuraho gushidikanya "byakorewe mu Bushinwa", biha abaguzi icyizere mu byo bakora. amahame agenga uburinzi bw'umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi kugira ngo habeho icyemezo cya UL.

EN 50539-11: inzira y'ubusamo y'Umuryango w'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi

Nkoresheje iki kimenyetso, ngurisha mu bihugu 27 nta kindi gipimo cy’inyongera. Umuguzi w’Umufaransa wanyanze mu 2022 ubu atumiza 4.000 ku kwezi kuko nongeyeho icyemezo cya SPD TÜV cy'izubaikimenyetso. Igihe cyo kuyobora kiracyari iminsi 21 y'akazi ka kera.

Gahunda ya CB no kwemeranya

Nshyira raporo za IEC hamwe n'ibyangombwa bya CB. Ibyo bimfasha guhinduranya ibipimo by'igihugu mu cyumweru kimwe. Urupapuro rwanjye rw'ibicuruzwa rugaragaza ibirango iruhande; abayobozi b'ibicuruzwa barabyisuzuma hanyuma bagakomeza. Ibi ibyemezo mpuzamahanga bya SPD by'izubafasha mu kunoza inzira. Imbonerahamwe iri hepfo igaragaza ibimenyetso ntanga ku buryo busanzwe.

Icyitonderwa: Izi mpamyabumenyi zo mu karere ni ingenzi cyane kuri SPD y'izubakugurisha muri buri soko, hagakurikizwa amahame ngenderwaho yo mu gace utuyemo.

Umwanzuro

Nubatse mu buryo bugezweho ibisubizo byo kurinda imirasire y'izuba zirinda inganda za PV inkuba n'ingufu nyinshi. Niba ushakaUburinzi bw'umuvuduko bwemewe na IEC na UL, nta gihe cyo kuruhuka, n'umutanga serivisi usubiza mu masaha 12 — hamagaraUruganda rwa Wenzhouuyu munsi kugira ngo ubone ibiciro byihariye cyangwa inkunga ya OEM. Ntureke ngo ubwiyongere bw'amashanyarazi buhungabanye imikorere ya sisitemu yawe ya PV - reka turinde ishoramari ryawe!