Igikoresho cyo Kurinda Ubushyuhe: Ni iki kandi gikora gite?

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Ingufu z'amashanyarazi zangiza ibikoresho bucece, zigatuma igihe cyo kubaho kidateganijwe kigabanuka, kandi bigatera ihagarara ritunguranye. Akenshi mbona iyi ngaruka igabanywa kugeza igihe ibibazo bitangiye kugaragara mu buryo bw'ingenzi.

A igikoresho cyo kurinda umuvuduko w'amazi yagenewe kurinda ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi n'iby'ikoranabuhanga ingaruka z'ingufu z'igihe gito binyuze mu kuyobya ingufu zirenze urugero zikajya hasi mu mutekano mbere yuko byangirika.

Mu bice biri hepfo, ndagaragaza uburyo ubwoko butandukanye bw'ibikoresho byo kurinda ingufu z'amashanyarazi bikora, aho bikoreshwa, n'uburyo injeniyeri zigomba guhitamo igisubizo gikwiye ku buryo bw'inganda.

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Ibikoresho birinda indwara zo mu bwoko bwa 1 n'ubwoko bwa 2 bikora bite?

Ibintu bitandukanye byo kwiyongera k'umuvuduko bisaba ingamba zitandukanye zo kurinda. Ibikoresho byo kurinda kwiyongera k'umuvuduko k'ubwoko bwa 1 n'ubwoko bwa 2 bikorana mu gukumira kwiyongera kw'umuvuduko ahantu henshi mu buryo bw'amashanyarazi, bikabuza ingufu zangiza kugera ku mitwaro ikomeye. Igikoresho cyo kurinda kwiyongera k'umuvuduko gukora gikurikirana urugero rw'amashanyarazi kandi kigahita gisubiza iyo imbaraga zirenze urugero rw'amashanyarazi zirenze urugero rwagenwe. Uku kwiyongera kw'umuvuduko akenshi guterwa n'inkuba, ibikorwa byo guhinduranya ibikoresho, cyangwa imitwaro minini ikoreshwa mu gukurura. Itandukaniro rikomeye hagati y'ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa 1 n'ubwoko bwa 2 riri muri aho na gute bahagarika ingufu zituruka ku muvuduko w'amazi.

A igikoresho cyo kurinda indwara yo mu bwoko bwa 1 ishyirwa ku muryango wa serivisi, hejuru y'ikibaho gikuru gikwirakwiza ibicuruzwa. Yagenewe guhangana n'ingufu nyinshi zituruka ku nkuba cyangwa ku miyoboro y'amashanyarazi. Ibi bikoresho bishobora kohereza umuraba w'inkuba ku isi mu mutekano utishingikirije ku burinzi bwo hejuru.

Ibinyuranye n'ibyo, igikoresho cyo kurinda indwara yo mu bwoko bwa 2 ishyirwa mu gice cyo hasi, akenshi mu bice bikwirakwiza ibikoresho. Igabanya ubushyuhe busigaye bunyura mu cyiciro cya mbere cyangwa bugakorwa imbere mu gihe cyo guhinduranya ibikoresho. Muri rusange, ubu buryo bwo kurinda ibikoresho bugabanya cyane stress ku bikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga biri hasi.

Mu nganda nyazo, kwishingikiriza ku rwego rumwe rwo kurinda ntibihagije. Uburinzi buhuriweho bwo mu bwoko bwa 1 n'ubwoko bwa 2 butuma ingufu z'amashanyarazi zigabanuka buhoro buhoro, bigatuma ingano y'amashanyarazi iguma mu rugero rw'ubushobozi bw'ibikoresho.

Uburyo igikoresho cyo kurinda indwara yo mu bwoko bwa 1 gikemura ikibazo cyo kwiyongera kw'ingufu nyinshi

Ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa 1 byakozwe kugira ngo bishobore kwihanganira imigezi ikabije kandi bikore nta burinzi bw'uruziga rwo hejuru.

• Yashyizwe ku muryango munini wa serivisi

• Byagenewe gusohora umuriro w'inkuba

• Akenshi igeragezwa ku bipimo ngenderwaho bya 10/350 μs

• Ni ngombwa ku bikoresho biri mu turere twibasirwa n'inkuba

Ibi bituma igikoresho cyo kurinda umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi ubwoko bwa 1 ibisubizo by'ingenzi ku nganda, ibigo by'amakuru, n'imishinga y'ibikorwa remezo hamwe n'insinga z'amashanyarazi zigaragara.

Uburyo igikoresho cyo kurinda ubwiyongere bw'ingufu zo mu bwoko bwa 2 kigabanya ubwiyongere bw'amashanyarazi asigaye

Ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa 2 byibanda ku kugabanya ingufu z'amashanyarazi aho kwibanda ku gukoresha ingufu z'amashanyarazi zitari iza mbere.

• Yashyizwe mu tubaho duto two gukwirakwiza

• Gusubiza vuba ku ngufu nke zikoresha ingufu nke

• Kurinda PLC, disiki, no kugenzura ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga

• Gabanya imbaraga zo gukingira umubiri ku buryo buhuriweho

Icyatoranijwe neza igikoresho cyo kurinda umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi ubwoko bwa 2 bigabanya cyane igipimo cy’inanirwa ry’ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga mu gihe kirekire.

Impamvu Uburinzi Buhuriweho ari ingenzi

Gukoresha ubwoko bwa 1 cyangwa ubwoko bwa 2 byonyine bitanga icyuho mu kurinda.

• Ubwoko bwa 1 budafite ubwoko bwa 2 butuma ingufu zisigaye zidashyirwa mu bikorwa

• Ubwoko bwa 2 budafite ubwoko bwa 1 bushobora guteza akaga gakomeye

• Sisitemu zihujwe zinoza iyubahirizwa rya IEC

• Igihe cyo kubungabunga cyarongerewe

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Ni hehe ibikoresho byo kurinda indwara zo mu bwoko bwa 1 n'ubwoko bwa 2 bikoreshwa?

Gushyira ahantu hatameze neza bigabanya ubushobozi bwo kurinda. Ibikoresho byo kurinda ingufu zo mu bwoko bwa 1 na 2 bigomba gushyirwa ahantu runaka mu buryo bw'amashanyarazi kugira ngo bigenzure neza urujya n'uruza rw'ingufu.

Gukoresha ni ingenzi kimwe no guhitamo igikoresho. Akenshi mbona ibikoresho bikingira umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi bikora nabi kuko biba byashyizwe ahantu hatari ho. Ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa 1 n'ubwoko bwa 2 bigira uruhare rutandukanye mu miterere y'amashanyarazi.

Ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa 1 bikoreshwa aho sisitemu y'amashanyarazi ihurira n'imiyoboro yo hanze. Ibi birimo inzira zo kwinjiramo zikoreshwa n'ibigo, imiyoboro yo hejuru, n'ibikoresho bifite sisitemu zo kurinda inkuba zo hanze. Inshingano zabyo ni uguhagarika imigezi minini mbere yuko ikwirakwira cyane mu ishyirwaho ryayo.

Ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa 2 bishyirwa hafi y’imizigo ikomeye. Birinda sisitemu zikora, moteri, ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga, n’ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga kugira ngo bitazagera ku kwiyongera kw’amashanyarazi akomoka imbere mu kirere ndetse n’amashanyarazi asigaye.

Ku nganda zishaka uburinzi bukurikije amategeko kandi bwizewe, guhuza igikoresho cyo kurinda indwara yo mu bwoko bwa 1 Ku muryango wa serivisi hamwe n'uburinzi bwa Type 2 hepfo ni ikoranabuhanga ryemewe cyane.

Porogaramu zisanzwe zo kurinda indwara zo mu bwoko bwa 1

• Utwuma duto tw'amashanyarazi dufite voltage nkeya

• Ibikoresho bifite sisitemu zo kurinda inkuba zo hanze

• Inganda zikoresha insinga z'amashanyarazi zigenda hejuru

• Gushyiramo ingufu zishobora kongera gukoreshwa

Aha hantu hagaragara ingufu nyinshi cyane zituruka ku muvuduko w’ingufu.

Porogaramu zisanzwe zo kurinda indwara zo mu bwoko bwa 2

• Ibikoresho byo kugenzura na MCC

• Kabati zikora mu buryo bwikora n'izikoresha PLC

• Inyubako z'ubucuruzi zifite ikoranabuhanga rigezweho

• Ibibaho byo gukwirakwiza ibikoresho by'inganda

Hano, igikoresho cyo kurinda indwara yo mu bwoko bwa 2 bibanda ku kugabanya ubwiyongere bw'amashanyarazi bwangiza ibice by'ikoranabuhanga uko igihe kigenda gihita.

Imbonerahamwe yo kugereranya porogaramu

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Nigute wahitamo ubwoko bwiza bw'igikoresho cyo kurinda isuri?

Guhitamo ubwoko butari bwo bw'igikoresho cyo kurinda umuvuduko w'amazi bitera umutekano utari wo. Guhitamo neza biterwa n'imiterere ya sisitemu, urwego rw'ikwirakwizwa ry'umuvuduko w'amazi, n'uburyo ibikoresho bifatwa.

Guhitamo igikoresho cyo kurinda umuvuduko ntibigomba gushingira ku gipimo cy’ubu gusa. Ndakugira inama yo gutangirana n’isuzuma ry’urwego rwa sisitemu. Garagaza imiterere y’ingufu zinjira, ubwiza bw’ubutaka, n’uburemere bw’imizigo irinzwe.

Ibikoresho bihura n'inkuba cyangwa bitangwa n'imigozi yo hejuru bisaba imbaraga igikoresho cyo kurinda umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi ubwoko bwa 1 ku muryango wa serivisi. Ibi bikoresho bigomba kubahiriza amahame ya IEC 61643 kandi bigafata umuvuduko mwinshi w'amazi nta gucika intege.

Ku bw'uburinzi bw'imbere mu gihugu, gahunda ihuriweho igikoresho cyo kurinda indwara yo mu bwoko bwa 2 bigomba gutoranywa hashingiwe ku muvuduko w'amashanyarazi, urwego rw'uburinzi (Hejuru), n'igihe cyo gusubiza. Agaciro ko hasi muri rusange gatanga uburinzi bwiza ku bikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga by'ikoranabuhanga.

Ikindi cy'ingenzi ni intera yo guhuza, uburebure bw'insinga, no kudakomera kw'ubutaka. Gufata hasi nabi bishobora kugabanya cyane imikorere ya SPD, hatitawe ku gipimo cy'igikoresho.

Ibipimo ngenderwaho by'ingenzi byo guhitamo tekiniki

• Voltage ya sisitemu y'amazina (Uc)

• Isuzuma ry'ubushyuhe bwo gusohora (In / Imax)

• Urwego rwo kurinda amashanyarazi (Hejuru)

• Ahantu ho gushyira ibintu

• Iyubahirizwa ry'amahame ya IEC

Amakosa Asanzwe yo Guhitamo

• Gukoresha ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa 2 nta burinzi buturutse hejuru

• Gukabya amanota ariho ubu mu gihe wirengagije agaciro ka Up

• Kwirengagiza ubuziranenge bwa sisitemu yo gufunga ubutaka

• Gushyiramo SPDs kure cyane y'imizigo irinzwe

Inzira yo Guhitamo Isabwa

• Guhura n'ibiza byo hanze → Ubwoko bwa 1 burakenewe

• Ibyuma by'ikoranabuhanga byoroshye → Ubwoko bwa 2 burakenewe

• Sisitemu z'inganda → Uburinzi buhuriweho

• Igihe cyo gukora cy'ingenzi → Ibice bya SPD bidahagije

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Umwanzuro

Icyatoranijwe neza igikoresho cyo kurinda umuvuduko w'amazi Ingamba zo guhuza uburinzi bw'ubwoko bwa 1 n'ubwoko bwa 2 ni ingenzi mu kurinda sisitemu z'inganda no kwemeza ko imikorere yazo irambye.

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Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

Ni irihe tandukaniro rikomeye riri hagati y'ibikoresho byo kurinda indwara zo mu bwoko bwa 1 n'ibikoresho byo kurinda indwara zo mu bwoko bwa 2?

Ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa 1 bikemura imirabyo ikoresha ingufu nyinshi ku binjiriro bya serivisi, mu gihe ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa 2 bigabanya amashanyarazi asigaye mu buryo bwo gukwirakwiza.

Ese igikoresho cyo kurinda indwara yo mu bwoko bwa 2 gishobora gusimbura igikoresho cyo mu bwoko bwa 1?

Oya. Ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa 2 ntabwo byagenewe kwihanganira imirabyo y'inkuba kandi bigomba guhuzwa n'uburinzi bwo mu bwoko bwa 1.

Igikoresho cyo kurinda indwara yo mu bwoko bwa 1 surge gikwiye gushyirwa he?

Igomba gushyirwa ku muryango mukuru wa serivisi, hejuru y'ikibaho cy'ibanze cyo gukwirakwiza ibicuruzwa.

Ni ibikoresho bingahe bikingira umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi bikenewe mu nganda?

Sisitemu nyinshi z'inganda zikenera nibura urwego rubiri: Ubwoko bwa 1 ku muryango n'ubwoko bwa 2 hafi y'ibikoresho byoroshye.