Uburinzi bw'imirasire ya PV ku rwego rwa sisitemu: Impamvu SPD ari ingenzi

Sinzibagirwa umunsi inkuba imwe yakubiseho icyari cyamaze amezi atandatu ku kibanza cya 5 MW muri Arizona. Itara rimwe ryashenye inverters 42—kandi bonus yacu ya Q4 irabura hamwe na zo. Icyo gikorwa cyahinduye uburyo nashushanyaga buri kibanza.

Ibikoresho byo kurinda umuyaga (SPDs) ni bwo buryo bwonyine buhendutse bwo gukumira ingufu z'inkuba mu nzira zinyura mu migozi ya DC no mu dusanduku twa AC.Ubu ndazishyira ku mpera zombi za buri nzira y'amashanyarazi. Kuva icyo gihe, ubwishingizi bwanjye bwaragabanutse bugera kuri zeru.

Niba ucunga ingufu zirenga kW 500 z'izuba, komeza usome. Nzakwereka uburyo nyabwo nahitamo, nashyira, kandi nkagura SPDs kugira ngo gushakishwa bibe ikintu kitabaho.

 SPD Si igikoresho cyigenga kiri muri Sisitemu za PV LPS

Nafataga SPD nk'udupira tw'amabara meza—nkadufata, nkadufunga, nkabyita umunsi umwe. Ibyo byarangiye nyuma yo gukubita SPD eshatu “zari ukwazo” maze nkomeza gukaranga mudasobwa yanjye yo kugenzura. Uko gutsindwa kwahinduye imitekerereze yanjye iteka ryose.

SPD ni kimwe mu bice bigize ikintu cyose sisitemu yo kurinda inkuba (LPS).Igomba gukorana no gufatanya, gukingira no gusiga ivumbi kugira ngo inyubako yose izamuke kandi igwe hamwe mu gihe cy'umuraba. Ibi si inyigisho—ibi ni ukuri kw'ubutaka.

Impamvu gutekereza "kwa SPD wenyine" binanirana

Inkuba ntiyita ku mpapuro z'amakuru—ikurikiza inzira za impedance. Ubwo nashyiraga 1 000 V SPD mu gipfunyika cya pulasitiki kidafite icyuma inyuma, yakubise igera ku gipfunyika cya hafi maze igera kuri MLPE yanjye. SPD yabyitwayemo neza, ariko sisitemubyananiranye kuko agace kari ku mazi kuri kV 40 kuri µs 3.

Dore icyo nshimangira kuri buri mushinga:

1. Icyuma gifatanye n'icyuma kimwe n'icyuma gihindura inverter.

2.Uburebure bw'umugozi buri munsi ya metero 0.5 ku murongo no ku butaka.

3. Impeta y'umuringa ya AWG 6 iboshye buri karangi.

Izi ntambwe zaguze munsi y'amadolari 12 kuri buri murongo—ariko zagabanyije uburyo nakoreshaga urubuga rwanjye ho 80%.

Uruhererekane rw'ibice bine buri mugenzuzi wese ashaka kubona

Ngenzura ibintu bine mbere yuko serivisi ifunga uburyo bwo guhagarika porogaramu:

1. Aho indege ihagarara hejuru y'icyuma gikurikiranira hafi cyane.

2. Konvoyeri yo hasi ifatanye n'urusobe rw'ubutaka rwa 5 Ω.

3. Guhuza ibikoresho bya buri gice cy'icyuma.

4.SPD kuri DC, AC, n'imirongo y'ibimenyetso—buri imwe ifite ikoranabuhanga ritavanwaho ubushyuhe na IP66.

Ubuze umurongo umwe w'amakuru (link) uzabona agapapuro k'umutuku. Ubu ndafotora buri ntambwe nkayishyira ku gapapuro ka O&M. Amabanki akunda inyandiko—kandi igihe cyo kwishyura cyagabanutse kuva ku minsi 60 kugera kuri 21.

Uburyo bwo guhitamo SPD ikwiye yo gushyiramo PV yawe

Muri Kamena ushize, umucuruzi yansunikiye kuri "udukoresho duhendutse kandi twishimye" twa V 600 "duhendutse kandi twishimye" ku mugozi wa V 1000. Nyuma y'ibyumweru bibiri, imyigaragambyo yari hafi aho yatetse MOVs - kandi garanti ya inverter yari idafite agaciro. Nafashe igihombo maze nkora uru rutonde rw'ibintu kugira ngo bitazongera kubaho ukundi.

Nhuza agaciro katatu na buri kibanza: voltage ntarengwa ya DC, umuyoboro wa "short-circuit", n'urwego rwo kugaragaza imirabyo.Hanyuma nhitamo SPD ifite Uc nibura 20% hejuru ya Voc na Iimp ya 12.5 kA (10/350 µs) cyangwa irenga.

Igipimo cy'ingufu: itegeko rya 1 200 V

Npima Voc mu gitondo gikonje cyane cy'umwaka, nkongeraho 20%. I Denver, ibisubizo byari 1 080 V, bityo nazamutse kuri 1 200 V SPD. Kuzigama $4 ukoresheje 1 000 V ntabwo ari byiza—gutsindwa rimwe bitwara SPD zirenga 500.

Igipimo cy'ubu: impamvu 6.25 kA idahagije ku mirima minini

NEC 690 isaba gusa 6.25 kA (8/20 µs), ariko imirima minini ya PV ihura n'ingaruka nyinshi za stroke. Napima Iimp nkoresheje iyi mbonerahamwe:

Gukuba kabiri amanota yongeraho hafi $9 kuri buri gikoresho—ariko umwishingizi wanjye yagabanyije amafaranga y’ubwishingizi ho 15%. Iryo gabanywa rimwe ryatanze ikiguzi cya SPD ku kibanza cya 6 MW.

Guhagarika ubushyuhe no gutanga ibimenyetso biri kure

Nigeze gutakaza umugozi wa 75 kW kubera ko MOV yashyushye cyane igafata umuriro. Ubu ngura SPD gusa zifite amashanyarazi yo gufunga hamwe n'inzogera yo gufunga. Ndayishyira muri SCADA kugira ngo itsinda ribone ubutumwa mbere y'uko impumuro ya pulasitiki yahiye igera ku baturanyi.

Ingingo z'ingenzi zo gushyiraho SPD kuri PV LPS yizewe

Nigeze kureba itsinda ry'abakozi bashyira SPDs kuri umuryangoy'akabati ka inverter. Ibyuma by'amashanyarazi bya metero 1 byakoraga nk'antene kandi impanuka yinjiye muri bisi ya DC. Narangije nongera gukoresha insinga ku giciro cyanjye—kandi nanditse aya mategeko kugira ngo wirinde ko byasubira.

Bika insinga munsi ya metero 0.5, zunguruka umurongo n'imirongo y'ubutaka, hanyuma ushyiremo SPDs ku gice kimwe cy'icyuma n'icyuma gihindura inverter.Ibi bituma voltage ya let-through iguma munsi ya 600 V—ikaba itekanye kuri semiconductor 1 200 V.

Aho biherereye, aho biherereye, aho biherereye

Nshyira DC SPDs mu gasanduku k’ibikoresho byo guhuza, ntabwo nshyira kuri inverter. Ibyo bigabanya uburebure bwa lead kuri cm 25. Ku ruhande rwa AC, nshyira SPD muri panel yo guhagarika load-break nyuma gato y’aho breaker nyamukuru iherereye—nkurinda inverter n’ikimenyetso cy’amafaranga yinjira.

Imiterere y'ubutaka ikora koko

Shyira icyuma cya SPD ku mugozi umwe w'umuringa n'icyuma cya inverter. Koresha insinga ya mm² 16 ihambiriye kuri 20 Nm, hanyuma ushyireho umuringa wa mm² 50 ugororotse ugana ku mugozi w'ubutaka. Ubudahangarwa kuva kuri SPD kugera ku butaka bugomba kuba

Nfotora ifoto ya micro-ohmmeter—ikuraho impaka n'abahanga mu by'imashini.

Gufunga ikirere no kurinda imirasire ya UV

Mu Buhinde ku bushyuhe bwa 45°C, IP20 SPD yahindutse umuhondo iracikagurika mu mezi atandatu. Ubu ndagaragaza aho IP66 ifungiye n'uturemangingo tw'imirasire y'izuba duhagaze. Amafaranga yiyongereyeho $3 kuri buri gikoresho arahendutse kurusha kajugujugu ahantu h'ubutayu.

Igihe cyose cyo gushyiramo kiri munsi y'iminota itandatu kuri buri murongo, bityo akazi kaguma munsi ya $4. Ibyo bituma igiciro cyanjye cya EPC gikomeza kuba cyiza kandi Minisitiri w'Intebe wanjye akishima.

Ubwoko bwa SPD n'amanota byatanzwe kuri sisitemu za PV

Mfite agapapuro gato k'uburiganya kanditseho karito mu kabati kanjye. Bimbuza gutekereza cyane iyo umukozi ushinzwe kugurisha amperekeza agatabo keza cyane.

Ku migozi ya PV ≤ 1 500 V, ndagaragaza ubwoko bwa 1+2, 1 200 V Uc, 50 kA Iimp, IP66, hamwe no gutandukanya ubushyuhe.
Kuri 480 V AC, nkoresha 600 V Uc hamwe na 100 kA Imax kuko uburyo bwo kuyikoresha buba bukomeye.

Urutonde rwanjye rugufi rw'imideli yizewe mu ikoranabuhanga

Mfite verisiyo ya 50 kA ku 90% by'imirimo. Niba aho hantu ari ku nkombe ya Florida, ndagera kuri 100 kA. Igihe cyo kwishyura uruganda rwanjye ni iminsi 12, kandi buri mashini itangwa ifite raporo y'ikizamini n'icyemezo cya UL 1449 CB. Iyo mpapuro zisohorera gasutamo muri Hamburg, Los Angeles, na Mumbai nta bindi bibazo.

Nimero z'ibice byihariye kuri OEM nini

Ubwo EPC yo mu Budage yari ikeneye moderi ya 1 500 V ifite insinga za MC4, twayikoze mu minsi irindwi. Twongeyeho inomero y'uruhererekane ifite barcode kugira ngo babashe gusesengura buri gice muri SAP. MOQ yari ibice 200 gusa, kandi igiciro cyari $1.20. Bazigamye $8 000 mu mirimo yo mu murima, bityo akazi kabugenewe kishyura ku itangwa rya mbere.

Aho wagura SPDs zizewe zo kurinda imirasire y'izuba

Nigeze kugura ku mucuruzi wo muri Shenzhen wasezeranye "UL ejo." Icyemezo nticyigeze kiboneka, kandi kontineri yanjye yamaze ibyumweru bitanu i Oakland. Ubu nshakisha ibicuruzwa mu ruganda—kandi ubuzima bworoshye.

Ngura imiti ya SPD mu ruganda rwa Leikexing ruri i Wenzhou.Bafite dosiye ya UL, bakora ibizamini byo gusaza 100%, kandi batanga serivisi zo kohereza EXW cyangwa DDP. Mbona garanti y'amezi 24 hamwe n'ibikoresho byo gusimbura 2% kuri buri gutumiza.

Impamvu nsiba Alibaba kubera ko nshaka gutumiza ibintu byinshi

Alibaba ni nziza cyane ku bipimo—ntabwo ari ku mabwiriza y’amadolari 80.000. Nafashe indege yerekeza i Wenzhou, ngasuzuma uruganda rufite metero kare 2.000, ngahura n’ikigo gishinzwe kugenzura imiterere y’indege, ngasinya amasezerano y’ubwishingizi. Urwo rugendo rw’amadolari 900 rutanga icyizere cy’uko ibintu bizagenda neza kandi igiciro cyabyo kizakomeza mu mezi 18.

Amasezerano yo kwishyura arengera impande zombi

Nkora ku giciro cya 30% cyagabanutseho na 70% ku giciro cy’inguzanyo. Nyuma yo gutumiza kwa kabiri, bemeje amasezerano. Ku nguzanyo, bafungura kugeza kuri miliyoni 1 z’amadolari iyo umubare w’amafaranga ku mwaka urenze $200k—kuri kimwe cya kabiri cy’inyungu za banki yanjye.

Amahitamo y'ibijyanye n'ubwikorezi nkoresha

Ku kazi ko muri Texas, nasabye FCL kujya i Houston. Ku bakiriya b'Abadage, nahisemo gari ya moshi ijya i Duisburg kandi nkarangiza gasutamo y'Umuryango w'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi mu masaha make. Uko byagenda kose, itsinda ry'imizigo rinyoherereza uburyo bwo gukurikirana GPS n'uburyo bwo kwinjiza gasutamo mbere yuko kontineri ihagera. Nohereza ayo makuru ku mukiriya wanjye, kandi nsa n'intwari ntakoze ku ipaleti.

Umwanzuro

Ntutegereze ko inkubi y'umuyaga itaha ari yo igena ingengo y'imari yawe yo kubungabunga.
Fata ubutumwa kuri Leikexingku giciro cya OEM, ingero 1 500 za V, cyangwa ibiciro byuzuye bya PV SPD.
Imeri imwe ishobora kuzigama urubuga rwawe $20.000 mu gikorwa cyarwo gikurikira cy'inkuba—reka dukomeze kwinjiza uruganda rwawe rukoresha imirasire y'izuba, aho gutwika.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

1. Igikoresho cyo kurinda PV Surge ni iki?

Igikoresho cyo kurinda imirasire y'izuba cya PV Surge kirinda ingufu z'izuba zidasanzwe ziterwa n'inkuba cyangwa impinduka zitunguranye.

2. Kuki kurinda imirasire y'izuba ari ingenzi kuri sisitemu za PV?

Uburinzi bw'imirasire y'izuba burinda gucika intege kw'inverter, kwangirika kw'imigozi ya DC, no gutakaza ingufu, bigatuma sisitemu ihora yizewe.

3. Ese nkeneye ibikoresho birinda imirasire y'izuba byombi nka DC na AC?

Yego. A Igikoresho cyo kurinda DC Surge cyo gukoresha imirasire y'izuba irinda uruhande rw'urutonde rwa PV, mu gihe Igikoresho cyo kurinda izuba cya AC Surge irinda umuvuduko wa inverter n'umuyoboro wa grid.

4. Ni ryari nkwiye gukoresha igikoresho cyo kurinda indwara cya Type 1 + 2 Surge?

A Ubwoko bwa 1+2 SPD ni byiza iyo sisitemu za PV zihuye n'inkuba cyangwa inkuba ziri hafi aho, zitanga uburinzi buhuriweho mu gikoresho kimwe.

5. Kuki IEC 61643 ari ingenzi mu kurinda inkuba za PV?

Itsinda Igikoresho cyo kurinda IEC 61643 Surge ibipimo ngenderwaho bireba ko SPD yujuje ibisabwa ku rwego rw'isi mu mutekano no mu mikorere y'ibikoresho bya PV.