Gusuzuma Amahame y'Abarinda Ubushyuhe?
Ndacyafite impumuro y'imvange yahiye twakoresheje umwaka ushize—itsinda rimwe rya 6 kV maze ikibaho cy'umukara gihinduka umukara mu gice cy'isegonda.
Imashini irinda umuvuduko ikora ifata ingufu zirenzeho ikayisunika hasi, hanyuma igafunga voltage iri munsi y'urugero ishobora kwangiza imashini zawe. Nkora izi mashini buri munsi muri Wenzhou kandi nkagerageza kuri IEC 61643-11.
Niba uzi uburyo amayeri akorwa, ushobora guhitamo igice gikwiye hanyuma ureke kwishyura ibipimo utajya ukoresha. Komeza usome nzakwereka ubutwari bw'igikoresho.
Intego z'ingenzi: kohereza ingufu no gufunga amashanyarazi?
Nigeze kureba ukuntu 40 kA surge ibura disiki ku isegonda rimwe kuko MOV yakandagiye igihe—iyo disiki ntoya yazigamye inverter y’amadolari 12,000.
Intego ebyiri z'ingenzi ni: (1) kwimura ingufu z'umuvuduko w'amazi ku butaka vuba, na (2) kugumisha ingufu zigera ku mutwaro munsi y'umurongo ntarengwa wanditse ku rupapuro rw'amakuru.
Uburyo Ingufu Zigenda Mbere mu Gasanduku
Umuvuduko w’amashanyarazi ugera ku murongo. Impedansi ya MOV imanuka kuva kuri mega-ohms kugera kuri ohms mu masegonda make. Umuriro unyura mu gikoresho woroshye, hanyuma unyura mu nsinga y’icyatsi kibisi n’umuhondo. Uko insinga ishyuha cyane, niko impedansi yayo igabanuka, bityo dukoresha 6 mm² Cu kandi tugakomeza umugozi munsi ya cm 50. Uburebure ubwo aribwo bwose bwiyongereyeho 1 µH y’umuvuduko w’amashanyarazi kandi ibyo byongera 1 kV kuri voltage ya let-through. Abakiriya bibagirwa ibi bisobanuro maze bagashinja igice iyo ikibaho gipfuye.
Voltage yo Gufunga vs Voltage yo Kurekura
Abantu bavanga imibare ibiri. Voltage yo gufunga ni yo MOV ibona. Voltage yo gufunga ni yo umutwaro ubona nyuma yo kugwa kwa cable. Buri gihe nshyira ku rupapuro rwanjye rw'ikizamini. Igice gifunga kuri 700 V gishobora gutuma 1.200 V igera kuri VFD niba umurizo w'ubutaka ari cm 80. Kata umurizo, gabanya ububabare.
Amakuru nyayo aturuka muri Laboratwari yacu
| Urwego rw'izamuka | Ingano ya MOV | Umutware w'Isi | Kurekura | Ibisubizo |
| 20 kA 8/20 µs | Disiki ya mm 32 | 25 cm | 980 V | IMPASI |
| 20 kA 8/20 µs | Disiki ya mm 32 | 80 cm | 1.450V | GUTSINDWA |
| 40 kA 8/20 µs | Disiki ya mm 40 | 25 cm | 1.050V | IMPASI |
Imbonerahamwe igaragaza ko uburebure bwa cable buruta ingano ya MOV. Ndabwira buri muguzi wese: koresha idorari rimwe ryinshi ku nguzanyo ngufi mbere yo gukoresha eshanu ku gice kinini.
Impamvu twongeramo umuyoboro wo gusohora gaze mu miterere ya Hybrid
MOV irashira nyuma yo gukubita cyane. GDT ishobora gufata amasasu menshi ariko igenda buhoro. Tuyashyira mu mwanya umwe. MOV itangira mbere ikayifata kuri 100 ns ya mbere. Hanyuma GDT irashya igafata umuyoboro munini w'amashanyarazi. MOV iraruhuka kandi igakomeza kubaho igihe kirekire. Hybrid ubu ni yo igurishwa cyane mu mafarumasi y'izuba yo mu Budage kuko abakozi bayo bashaka ubuzima bw'imyaka 20, ntabwo ari itanu.
Ibice by'ingenzi n'uburyo bwo kurinda bushingiye ku nzego?
Nafunguye imwe muri units zacu zo mu bwoko bwa 1 + 2 maze mbona MOVs, GDTs, fuses, na switch ntoya y'ubushyuhe ikora nk'ikero iyo inaniwe.
Ibice by'ingenzi ni: (A) varistors cyangwa GDTs zikoresha ingufu, (B) gufunga ubushyuhe bihagarika inkongi, na (C) ibyuma bifasha mu gukuraho imiyoboro migufi. Tubishyira mu byiciro bitatu kugira ngo bihuze n'uburyo insinga zikoreshwa mu ruganda.
Icyiciro cya mbere: Ubwoko bwa 1 ku muryango wa serivisi
Iki gice kibona inkuba itaziguye. Dukoresha umuyoboro wa 25 kA 10/350 µs hamwe na block ya MOV ya 50 kA. Intego ni ukuvanaho icyuma gitera kuva kuri 1,000 kV kikagera munsi ya 4 kV mbere yuko cyinjira mu gikoresho cyo gusimbuza. Tugishyira ku kirahuri cya DIN cya mm 35 hanyuma tukagihuza na mm² Cu ku mugozi mukuru w'ubutaka. Umwobo umwe w'umugozi uri ahantu hadakwiye wongeraho 2 µH na 2 kV yiyongereyeho. Ngenzura igishushanyo kabiri; umuguzi abika transformer ikaranze.
Icyiciro cya Kabiri: Ubwoko bwa 2 kuri Sub-Panels
Uru rwego ruhagarika kwiyongera kw'amashanyarazi guterwa n'ibitero biri hafi cyangwa guhinduranya moteri nini. Duhitamo MOV za 40 kA 8/20 µs zifite thermal disconnection. Igice gicamo kugira ngo umukoresha abashe kugihinduranya nta nkomyi. Twongeraho LED y'icyatsi kibisi ihita izima iyo igice cyapfuye. Umuyobozi w'ikigo i Milan yambwiye ko ashobora kugenzura amapaneli 50 mu minota icumi agenda mu nzira gusa kandi akabara utudomo tw'icyatsi kibisi.
Icyiciro cya Gatatu: Ubwoko bwa 3 ku mutwaro
Disiki, PLC na mudasobwa zikenera umurinzi wo mu gace. Dukoresha utwuma twa 10 kA 8/20 µs dufite dogere munsi ya 900 V. Igice gikwira mu gasanduku k'urukuta cyangwa imbere mu gice cy'isoko. Insinga kuva kuri Type 2 kugeza ku mutwaro igomba kuguma munsi ya metero 10. Niba igihe cyo kuyikoresha ari kirekire, twongeraho ubundi bwoko bwa 3. Nigeze kuzigama servo ya $4,000 nongeraho SPD ya $9 kuko igice cyari kuri metero 30 uvuye aho.
Uburyo inzego zivugana hagati yazo
Ingufu ni nk'amazi. Iyo urugomero rwa mbere rwuzuye, urugomero rwa kabiri rugomba kuba rwiteguye. Dushyiraho urwego rw'amashanyarazi mu ntambwe zikurikira: Imigozi yo mu bwoko bwa 1 kuri 1.8 kV, Ubwoko bwa 2 kuri 1.4 kV, Ubwoko bwa 3 kuri 0.9 kV. Urwego rwo hasi ntirwigera rutangira mbere y'urwego rwo hejuru, bityo buri gice kigabana umutwaro. Tugerageza urunigi rwuzuye muri laboratwari yacu hamwe n'ibice bitatu bikurikiranye hamwe n'umuvuduko wa 100 kA. Umuvuduko wo ku gice cyo ku iherezo ni 720 V, ukaba wizewe kuri 230 V drive iyo ari yo yose.
Urutonde rw'Ibice Dukoresha Buri Munsi
| Igice | Uruhare | Ibisobanuro | Ingendo z'ubuzima |
| 40 mm MOV | Agapfukamunwa | 40 kA 8/20 µs | Ibihangano 20 bikomeye |
| Ihinduranya ry'ubushyuhe | Guhagarara kw'inkongi y'umuriro | 120 °C | Ifoto imwe |
| Fuse ya 6 A gG | Incamake ngufi | 50 kA ivunika | Ifoto imwe |
| Umuyoboro wa GDT | Ingwate | Itara rya 600 V | Ibitero 100 |
| Igikoresho cyo kurwanya LED + | Imiterere | Umuyoboro w'amazi wa mA 2 | Imyaka 10 |
Ubufatanye n'ubufasha mu by'umutekano?
Ndacyibuka umunsi firime y'ubushyuhe yaturitse maze ibendera ritukura ribwira ikoranabuhanga guhinduranya iyi mashini—nta kibazo, nta muriro, ikiruhuko cy'iminota itanu gusa.
SPD igomba gukorana n'ibikoresho bigabanya umuriro, gukwirakwiza ubutaka no gukoresha insinga. Twongeramo ibyuma bishyushya, micro-switches n'ibimenyetso bya kure kugira ngo itsinda ry'ikigo rimenye igihe igice cyananiwe kandi uburyo bwo kubika amakuru mu buryo bwizewe bugafata umwanya.
Impamvu SPD ikeneye umuntu uyica nk'inshuti
MOV ishobora gufunga umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi iyo ipfuye. Fuse y'inyongera igomba gukuraho ikibazo mbere yuko panel ishya. Duhuza umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi n'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi wa MOV. MOV ya 40 kA inanirwa kuri 1 kA igabanuka. Duhitamo fuse ya 6 A gG isohoka muri 0.1 s kuri 1 kA. Fuse ntijya ihuha ku muyoboro w'amashanyarazi usanzwe kuko imara amasegonda make. Imibare ni mike, ariko irakora. Mpa abaguzi imbonerahamwe ya fuse kugira ngo umuhanga mu by'amashanyarazi wabo atabitekerezaho.
Gutanga ibimenyetso bya kure ku mbuga nini
Umukiriya umwe akoresha amatanura y'ibirahuri amasaha 24/7. Ntashobora kugenda mu ruganda buri cyumweru. Dushyiramo micro-switch imbere muri SPD izunguruka iyo disiki y'ubushyuhe ifunguye. Imashini itanga 24 V PLC. Itara ritukura kuri HMI rivuga ngo “SPD yapfuye.” Umukozi araduhamagara, twohereza karitsiyo y'inyongera, maze akayihindura mu gihe cyo guhindura shampiyona itaha. Nta na kimwe gihagaze mu myaka ibiri.
Guhuza ibikorwa na RCD na Arc Detectors
Bamwe mu bahanga batinya ko gusohoka kwa SPD bizabangamira RCD. Dukomeza gusohoka munsi ya 0.3 mA kuri 230 V. RCD ya 30 mA ntijya iyibona. Iyo urubuga rukoresha arc detectors, twongeramo EMI filter imbere ya SPD kugira ngo clamping ya high-frequency idashuka detector. Twagerageje iyi mvange muri TÜV Rheinland maze turayitsinda.
Ibipimo by'ingenzi by'imikorere?
Nkurikirana imibare itatu kuri buri kohereza: voltage ya let-through, igipimo cyo gutsindwa kuri pcs 1.000, n'igihe cyo guhinduranya aho ikorera. Iyo hari ikintu kigiye guhindagurika, ndahagarika umurongo.
KPI nziza ni izi zikurikira: (1) urwego rwo kurinda amashanyarazi (Hejuru) rupimirwa muri laboratwari, (2) umubare w'ubuzima bw'amashanyarazi mbere yo gusaza, na (3) igihe cyo gusimbuza (MTTR) kuri sisitemu zikora. Ndazibika kuri buri gice tugurisha.
Impamvu Let-Through ari Umwami
Kugabanya 200 V muri Up bishobora kongera ubuzima bwa disiki ya MOV inshuro ebyiri. Dupima buri disiki ya MOV kuri 100% by'umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi hanyuma tugashyiramo voltage. Disiki zisoma hejuru zijya ku murongo w'izuba aho gufunga bidakomeye cyane. Disiki zisoma hasi zijya ku murongo wa PLC w'Abadage. Ubu bwoko bwongera isaha imwe ku musaruro ariko bugabanya amakosa yo mu murima ho 40%. Nishyura isaha, mbitsa ijoro.
Ikizamini cy'Ibarura ry'Ubuzima Dukora
Twakoresheje 20 kA buri minota itanu kugeza igihe amashanyarazi afunguye. Agakoresho gafata igiciro cya 27 kamaze gusohora amafoto. Dushyira ahagaragara umurongo ku rupapuro rw'amakuru. Abaguzi babona ko igice kigikora nyuma y'imyaka icumi y'izamuka risanzwe. Iyo mbonerahamwe imwe irangiza amasezerano menshi kuruta igabanywa ryanjye ryiza ry'igiciro.
Umwanzuro
Kohereza ingufu, gufunga, gushyiramo ibice, gusubiza inyuma no gusesengura neza KPIs—ni byo byose. Hitamo SPD ifite amanota make ku gipimo cyo kureka no kugaruka hasi, hanyuma ukagura ibitotsi.