Uburyo butanu bwo kurinda indwara zo mu bwonko
Uburyo bwo Kurinda Ubushyuhe
1. Ibikoresho byo kurinda amashanyarazi bihuza imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi (SPDs)
Mu bihe bisanzwe, varistor ziri mu gice cy’uburinzi bw’amashanyarazi ziguma mu buryo butagira impedansi nyinshi. Iyo amashanyarazi akubiswe n’inkuba cyangwa akagira impedansi z’igihe gito bitewe n’imikorere yo guhinduranya, iri tortistor isubiza mu masegonda make, bigatuma varistor zihindura imiterere ya impedansi nke, zigafata vuba ingufu zirenze urugero ku rwego rwiza. Iyo habayeho impedansi nyinshi cyangwa impedansi nyinshi, varistor irangirika igashyuha, bigatera uburyo bwo guhagarika ubushyuhe kugira ngo hirindwe inkongi z’umuriro no kurinda ibikoresho.
2. Ibikoresho byo kurinda isuri byo mu bwoko bwa filter bihujwe ku murongo n'amashanyarazi
Izi mashini zirinda zitanga ingufu zisukuye kandi zitekanye ku bikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga by’ikoranabuhanga. Inkuba zitwara ingufu nyinshi cyane ndetse n’umuvuduko mwinshi cyane w’amashanyarazi n’umuvuduko w’amashanyarazi. Nubwo SPD zikoresha uburyo bunyuranye zishobora kugabanya imbaraga zizamuka cyane, ntizishobora kugabanya imbaraga zazo ziguruka. SPD zo mu bwoko bwa filter-type, zihujwe ku murongo n’amashanyarazi, zikoresha MOV (MOV1, MOV2) kugira ngo zigabanye imbaraga ziguruka mu masegonda make. Byongeye kandi, filter ya LC igabanya imbaraga ziguruka z’amashanyarazi n’umuvuduko w’amashanyarazi ku nshuro hafi 1.000 kandi ikagabanya imbaraga zisigaye ku nshuro eshanu, ikarinda ibikoresho by’amashanyarazi.
3. Gushyiramo Voltage-Clamping Varistors hagati y'ibyiciro n'imirongo kugira ngo bigabanye Surge Overvoltages
Ubu buryo bukora neza ku matara, ascenseur, ibyuma bikonjesha, na moteri, bifite ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira impanuka nyinshi. Ariko, ntabwo bigira ingaruka nziza ku bikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga bigezweho bifite uburyo bwo guhuza bwinshi. Urugero, muri sisitemu ya AC ya 220V imwe, varistors zikunze gushyirwa hagati y’ibice bitagira aho bibogamiye n’ibitaka kugira ngo zimure imirabyo iterwa n’inkuba. Ubuhanga bwo kurinda bushingira gusa ku guhitamo varistors no kwizerwa.
Voltage yo gufunga ishyirwaho hashingiwe ku muvuduko w'urukuta (310V), ibi bikaba ari:
- Ihindagurika rya 20% ry'urusobe rw'amashanyarazi,
- 10% by'ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira ibice,
- Ibintu byizewe bya 15% (gusaza, ubushuhe, ubushyuhe).
Bityo, urwego rusanzwe rwo gufunga ruri hagati ya 470V na 510V. Ubwinshi bw'amazi buri munsi ya 470V bunyuramo nta ngaruka.
Nubwo ibikoresho bisanzwe by'amashanyarazi (urugero: moteri, amatara) bishobora kwihanganira 1.500V AC (2.500V peak), ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga bigezweho bikora kuri ±5V kugeza ±15V, aho ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira buri munsi ya 50V. Imiterere y'umuvuduko uri munsi ya 470V iracyashobora kwihuza n'ibikoresho bya parasitiki mu byuma bihindura amashanyarazi n'ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi, bikangiza IC. Byongeye kandi, bitewe n'amashanyarazi asigaye ya varistor na inductance y'icyuma gitwara amashanyarazi, kwiyongera gukomeye gushobora gusunika urugero rwo gufunga kugeza kuri 800V–1.000V, bikarushaho gushyira mu kaga ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga.
4. Kongera Uburinzi ukoresheje Ultra-Isolation Transformers (Uburyo bwo Kwitandukanya)
Transformateur ifite uburinzi ishyirwa hagati y’isoko y’amashanyarazi n’umutwaro kugira ngo ihagarike urusaku rw’amajwi menshi mu gihe ifasha ubutaka bw’inyongera. Uburyo buhuriweho n’ubutaka, buhuza n’ubushobozi bwo guhuza imiyoboro. Uburinzi bw’inyongera hagati y’imiyoboro y’ibanze n’iy’inyongera butuma ubwo buryo buhindagurika, bugabanya urusaku rusohoka.
5. Uburyo bwo kwinjiza
Ibice bikurura umwuka bigabanya kwiyongera kw'umwuka binyuze mu guhindura kuva ku muvuduko wo hejuru kugera ku muvuduko muto iyo voltages z'umuvuduko zirenze. Ibikoresho bisanzwe birimo:
- Varistor – Ubushobozi buke bwo gucunga umuriro w'amashanyarazi.
- Imiyoboro isohora gaze (GDTs)– Igisubizo gito.
- Diode za TVS / Imiyoboro yo Gusohora Imodoka mu Muterere Ukomeye - Birushaho kwihuta ariko hamwe n'impinduka mu kwinjiza ingufu.
