Ibikoresho byo kurinda inkuba imbere n'ibikoreshwa mu gushyuha: Itandukaniro ni irihe?

1. Isano iri hagati yo kurinda imirabyo imbere no Uburinzi bw'ibiza

Uburinzi bw'inkuba z'imbere (LPS z'imbere):

Iki ni igice cya sisitemu yo kurinda inkuba. Irimo guhuza ibikoresho kugira ngo inkuba cyangwa amashanyarazi ahuzwe n'uburyo bwo kurinda inkuba bwo hanze.

Ingamba zo Kurinda Ubushyuhe (SPM):

Izi ni ingamba zafashwe kugira ngo sisitemu z'imbere zirinde imirasire y'amashanyarazi y'umurabyo (LEMP). SPM nayo ni igice cya sisitemu rusange yo kurinda imirabyo.

Dukurikije Ishusho ya 1 muri GB/T 21714.1, uburinzi bwuzuye bw'inkuba burimo Sisitemu yo Kurinda Inkuba (LPS) n'Uburinzi bwo Kurinda Inkuba (SPM). Uburinzi bwo Kurinda Inkuba (SPM) buri muri GB/T 21714.4, mu gihe uburinzi bw'imbere bw'inkuba ari igice cya LPS (irimo ibice byo hanze n'iby'imbere), kandi busobanurwa muri GB/T 21714.3.

Ishusho ya 1 - Isano iri hagati y'ibice bya GB/T 21714

2. Inkomoko y'Uburinzi bw'Inkuba z'imbere n' Uburinzi bw'ibiza

2.1 IEC 1024-1: 1990

Muri IEC 1024-1:1990, "Kurinda inyubako imirabyo - Igice cya 1: Amahame Rusange", igice cya 1.2.7 gisobanura Uburinzi bw'imirabyo y'imbere nk'inyongera zose zirenze sisitemu yo kurinda imirabyo yo hanze. Izi ngamba zifasha kugabanya ingaruka za electromagnetic z'imirabyo y'imirabyo iri mu mwanya urinzwe. Bityo, nk'uko IEC 1024-1:1990 ibivuga, LPS y'imbere irimo ibindi byose bitari LPS yo hanze - kandi ikubiyemo uburinzi ku mihindagurikire ya electromagnetic (LEMP).

2.2 IEC 62305-1: 2006

Mu gihe cya IEC 62305-1:2006, "Kurinda inkuba - Igice cya 1: Amahame rusange" (igitabo cya mbere), ibisobanuro byarushijeho kuba birambuye:

3.42 Sisitemu yo Kurinda Inkuba z'Imbere (LPS): Igice cya LPS kigizwe no guhuza ibikoresho n'amashanyarazi cyangwa kwitandukanya n'ibikoresho byo hanze bya LPS. 3.49 Sisitemu yo Kurinda LEMP (LPMS): Sisitemu yuzuye y'ibipimo byo kurinda sisitemu z'imbere mu nkuba amashanyarazi (LEMP).

Uruhererekane rwa IEC 62305-1 kugeza 4:2006 rwasimbuye amahame ya mbere, ruhuza inyandiko nyinshi za IEC TC81. Rwagabanyijemo ibisobanuro bya kera bya LPS y'imbere na IEC 1024 mo ibice bibiri: LPS y'imbere na LPMS (ku bw'uburinzi bwa LEMP). Muri IEC 62305-1:2024, LPMS yahinduriwe izina ku mugaragaro yitwa Surge Protection Measures (SPM).

Ingamba 3 zo Kurinda Inkuba z'Imbere

Uburinzi bw'inkuba imbere ni ingenzi kugira ngo sisitemu yo kurinda inkuba ikore neza. Iyo nta burinzi bw'imbere buriho, imirasire y'inkuba inyura muri LPS yo hanze cyangwa ibindi bice by'inyubako bishobora gutera ibishashi biteje akaga. Ibishashi bishobora gutera inkongi z'umuriro, gukomeretsa umuntu, cyangwa kwangiza ibikorwa remezo. Uretse itandukaniro mu ntera zo gutandukanya, uburinzi bw'imbere ni bumwe mu nzego zose zo kurinda inkuba. Ibishashi bishobora kubaho hagati ya LPS yo hanze n'ibi bikurikira: Ibyuma bishyirwamo, sisitemu z'imbere z'inyubako, ibice by'inyuma by'inyubako cyangwa imiyoboro ihujwe n'inyubako irinzwe.

Dukurikije ibipimo ngenderwaho, ibishashi biba mu bice bishobora guturika by’inyubako bihora bifatwa nk’ibiteje akaga. Kugira ngo hirindwe ko ibishashi bibaho, bumwe mu buryo bukurikira bukwiye gukoreshwa: Guhuza ibikoresho, cyangwa; Gukingira amashanyarazi hagati y’ibice by’icyuma.

Ibipimo byo guhuza ibikoresho (reba Ishusho ya 2) birimo ibi bikurikira:

Udukoresho two guhuza, dukoreshwa iyo imiyoboro karemano idatanga amashanyarazi ahoraho, urugero, mu guhuza imiyoboro y'amazi cyangwa ishyushya;

Ibikoresho birinda Surge (SPD), bikoreshwa iyo guhuza bidashoboka, urugero, ku mirongo ifite voltage nke; na

Isolated Spark Gaps (ISG), ikoreshwa iyo ibyuma bihuza amashanyarazi bitemerewe, urugero, ku miyoboro yo kurinda katodike cyangwa imiyoboro ya gazi.

Igishushanyo cya 2

Guhuza ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki kuri kurinda inkuba ifite ibi bikurikira bishingiye ku bwoko butandukanye bwa LPS yo hanze:

LPS Isolated: Guhuza bikorwa gusa ku butaka;

LPS ifatanye: Guhuza bigomba gukorwa kuri:

（1）Inzu yo hasi cyangwa hasi, na;

（2）Aho ari ho hose hatagerwaho intera ikenewe yo gukingira cyangwa gutandukanya ibintu.

LPS ikoresha amashanyarazi: Uretse guhuza hasi, guhuza bishobora no gukorwa kuri sisitemu zo guhagarika umwuka cyangwa ibyuma bifunga.

Ingamba 4 zo Kurinda Ihindagurika ry'Umuvuduko

SPM y'ibanze ikubiyemo ibice bikurikira:

(1) Urusobe rw'ubutaka n'imibanire

Sisitemu yo gutwika iyobora kandi igakwirakwiza umuraba mu butaka mu buryo bw’umutekano.

Urusobe rw'imibanire rugabanya itandukaniro rishobora kubaho kandi rugabanya ingaruka z'imbaraga za rukuruzi.

(2) Gukingira amashanyarazi n'insinga zikwiye

Gukingira ahantu hatandukanye bigabanya imbaraga rukuruzi ziri muri LPZ ziterwa n'inkuba cyangwa ibitero hafi y'inyubako, kandi bigafasha kugabanya imbaraga z'imbere mu kirere.

Gukingira insinga z'imbere ukoresheje insinga cyangwa imiyoboro ikingira bigabanya imbaraga ziterwa n'amazi.

Imiterere myiza y'insinga z'imbere ifasha kugabanya imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi no kugabanya imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi y'imbere. Gukingira imirongo yo hanze aho binjirira inyubako bigabanya kandi imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi ijya mu nyubako.

(3) Sisitemu ya SPD ihujwe

Sisitemu ya SPD ihujwe igabanya ingaruka z'izamuka ry'ingufu haba iz'inyuma n'iz'imbere.

(4) Imiyoboro yo kwitandukanya

Uburyo bwo kwitandukanya bugabanya ingaruka z'izamuka ry'imirongo ku murongo winjira muri LPZ.

Guhuza ubutaka n'ibikoresho bigomba guhora byemejwe, cyane cyane aho binjirira mu nyubako - haba hakoreshejwe uburyo butaziguye cyangwa guhuza buri serivisi iyobora amashanyarazi na SPD nk'igice cy'uburyo ibikoresho bihuza.

(5) Gukoresha uburyo bwo kuburira abantu ku nkuba (TWS)

Ingingo ya 7.1 ya IEC 62305-1:2024 ivuga ko gukoresha TWS hakurikijwe IEC 62793 bishobora kuba ingamba zo kwirinda binyuze mu guhagarika serivisi zo hanze, bigafasha kugabanya inshuro zangiritse ku buryo bw'amashanyarazi n'ubw'ikoranabuhanga.

5 Umwanzuro

Ingamba z’imbere mu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga zigamije gukumira ibyuka bitera akaga, harimo no guhuza imirabyo na SPD yo ku rwego rwa mbere. Uburinzi bw’imirabyo ahanini bukemura ibibazo by’imirabyo bigira ingaruka ku buryo bw’imbere mu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga, kandi SPD zikoreshwa muri iki gikorwa zigomba guhuzwa na SPD yo ku rwego rwa mbere, ariko ntizishyiremo urwego rwa mbere. SPD ubwabyo.