Ibipimo by'ingenzi n'ibipimo ngenderwaho by'ibikoresho birinda Surge (SPDs)
Igikoresho cyo kurinda indwara (SPD): Igikoresho gikoreshwa mu kugabanya amashanyarazi akabije y’igihe gito no kuyobya imirasire y’ingufu. SPD zikoreshwa cyane cyane muri sisitemu zo gukwirakwiza ingufu nke z’amashanyarazi n’amakuru kugira ngo zirinde amashanyarazi akabije y’imirasire y’amashanyarazi, amashanyarazi akabije y’ingufu z ...
I. Ibipimo by'ingenzi by'ibikoresho birinda indwara (SPDs)
1. Umuvuduko ntarengwa w'imikorere uhoraho (Uc): Voltage ntarengwa ya root-mean-square (RMS) cyangwa DC ishobora gukoreshwa buri gihe ku buryo bwo kurinda SPD. Iyi ni voltage ifite ingano ya SPD. Agaciro ka Uc kagira ingaruka ku buzima bwa SPD ndetse no ku rwego rwo kurinda voltage yayo. Guhitamo agaciro ka Uc gakomeye bishobora kongera igihe cyo gukoresha ibicuruzwa ariko bikongera voltage isigaye, ibi bikaba byangiza ibikoresho birinzwe.
2. Umuyoboro w'amazi usohoka mu buryo bw'izina (Muri): Umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi wa 8/20μs SPD ishobora kwihanganira. Iyi parametre ikoreshwa mu bizamini byo mu cyiciro cya kabiri kandi ikora nk'igipimo cyo kugena agaciro k'ibizamini byo mu cyiciro cya mbere n'icya kabiri. Amahame ya SPD agena urukurikirane rw'agaciro ka In, kandi abakora bahitamo urwego rwa In rukwiye kugira ngo bapime. Iyo SPD imaze gutsinda ikizamini, agaciro kayo ka In kagenwa ku mugaragaro nk'urwego rwatoranijwe.
3. Umuvuduko ntarengwa wo gusohora (Imax) mu bizamini byo mu cyiciro cya kabiri: Umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi wa 8/20μs SPD ishobora kwihanganira. Nubwo ibisobanuro bisa na In, amahame ya SPD atanga uruhererekane rutandukanye rwa In na Imax, hamwe na Imax > In ku rwego rumwe. Gutsinda ikizamini ku rwego runaka rwa In ntibihamya ko SPD izatsinda ku rwego rwa Imax rujyanye narwo, kuko imiterere y'ikizamini (ubunini bw'ubu n'umubare w'ingufu) bitandukanye.
4. Umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi (Iimp): Ubushobozi bwa SPD bwo kwihanganira umuraba w'umurabyo wa 10/350μs, urangwa n'ibipimo bibiri: umuraba w'umurambararo (Ipeak) n'umushari (Q). Iyi parametero ikoreshwa mu bizamini byo mu cyiciro cya mbere.
5. Urwego rwo Kurinda Voltage (Hejuru): Bizwi kandi nka voltage isigaye, ibi bivuga voltage inyura kuri SPD iyo umuraba runaka w'umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi unyuramo nyuma yo kuyikoresha. Kuzamuka bigomba kuba biri hasi ugereranije na voltage ihangana n'ibikoresho birinzwe. GB50343-2012 *Kode Tekiniki yo Kurinda Inkuba mu Bubatsi bwa Sisitemu z'Amakuru ya elegitoroniki* igaragaza urwego rwa voltage ihangana n'ingufu ku byiciro bitandukanye bya sisitemu zo gukwirakwiza voltage nke. Voltage ihangana n'ingufu z'ibikoresho (Uw), itangwa n'uwabikoze, igaragaza ubushobozi bwabyo bwo gukingira amashanyarazi arenze urugero. Kubwibyo, guhitamo SPD bigomba kwemeza ko Hejuru II. Ibipimo bifatika ku bikoresho birinda indwara (SPDs) Ibice byavuzwe haruguru bivuga ibizamini byo mu cyiciro cya mbere n'icya kabiri. Hasi aha hari uburyo bwo gupima: Ibi byiciro by'ibizamini ntabwo bikurikiza urwego rw'ibizamini bityo ntibishobora kugereranywa mu buryo butaziguye. Abakora bashobora guhitamo icyiciro icyo ari cyo cyose cy'ibizamini kugira ngo byemezwe. Ariko, mu gishushanyo mbonera cy'inyubako z'amashanyarazi, guhitamo SPDs zapimwe hakurikijwe Icyiciro cya I cyangwa Icya II bigomba kubahiriza ibi bikurikira: IEC 61024: Ijyanye no kurinda umutekano w'abantu inkuba zibasira inkuba mu nyubako, ikubiyemo uburyo bwo kwirinda inkuba (LPS). IEC 61312: Ikemura ku buryo bwo kwirinda imirasire ya elegitoroniki y'inkuba (LEMP), harimo n'ibisabwa mu kurinda inyubako, gufunga no guhuza ibikoresho. IEC 62305: Itanga amabwiriza agenga imiterere y'uburyo bwo kurinda inkuba, ihuza amahame rusange n'ibisabwa mu kurinda inkuba.
1. Ikizamini cya I cy'Icyiciro cya Mbere: Ikoreshwa hakoreshejwe umuyoboro wa discharge wa nominel (In), voltage ya 1.2/50μs, na maximum impulse current Iimp (umuyoboro wa 10/350μs lightning current). Niba charge yimuriwe muri 10 ms ari Q, peak y'umuyoboro wa peak = 0.5Q.
2. Ikizamini cya Kabiri cy'Icyiciro: Ikoreshwa hakoreshejwe umuyoboro wa discharge wa nominel (In), impact ya voltage ya 1.2/50μs, na maximum discharge current Imax (umuyoboro wa 8/20μs).
3. Ikizamini cya III: Ikoreshwa hakoreshejwe umuraba uvanze, usobanurwa nk'umuraba ufunguye wa 1.2/50μs (Uoc) n'umuraba ugufi wa 8/20μs (Isc) ukorwa na moteri y'umuraba uvanze wa 2Ω.