Uburinzi bw'ingufu ku mashaje ya EV?

Ndacyibuka telefoni y'umukiriya w'Umudage—igitero kimwe cyahitanye amashanyarazi 12 ya EV, kandi fagitire yo gusana yangije cyane kurusha impanuka ya mbere y'imodoka yanjye.

Yego, kurinda umuvuduko w'amazi Ni ingenzi cyane ku masharubu ya EV kuko gukubita rimwe gusa kw'inkuba bishobora gukaranga modules z'amashanyarazi, amabati y'itumanaho, na DC connectors bigatwara ibihumbi byinshi kubisimbuza. Nohereza SPDs zapimwe na IEC ku bakora sharubu buri cyumweru.

Niba uzi aho imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi yinjira n'aho SPD ihurira, ushobora kugabanya igihe cyo kuruhuka no gutuma abashoferi bishima.

Ese kurinda umuriro w'amashanyarazi ni ngombwa?

Nanyuze ahantu muri Esipanye aho imyigaragambyo imwe yatwaye charger 16 n'iminsi ibiri yo kugurisha—abashoferi baracyatanga ibitekerezo bibi kuri interineti.

Uburinzi bw'umuvuduko ni ngombwa kuri charger za EV kuko umuvuduko wihuta wa 6 kV wica modules z'amashanyarazi, contactors za dc, na comm boards bihenze kandi bitinda gusimburwa. Nshyira SPDs kuri buri charger nshya.

Aho Surge yinjira muri charger ya EV

Ishaja isa n'agasanduku kanini k'icyuma, ariko ifite inzugi enye zo gukurura: ac supply, insinga ya dc output, umurongo w'amakuru ugana inyuma, na antene ya 4 G. Inkuba ishobora gukubita grid muri kilometero 2 uvuye aho ikoresha ac terminals. Umushoferi ugendera ku mapine ya rubber ashobora gukurura static muri dc plug. Nabonye 2 kV kuri bisi ya dc iturutse gusa ku kiraka cy'imodoka. Iyo shaja isangiye feeder na moteri nini, moteri ihagarara izasubiza ingufu mu murongo umwe. Buri nzira ikeneye uburinzi bwayo.

Icyo umuntu yapfa mbere na mbere imbere muri charger

Igice cy'intege nke cyane ni 12 V dc itanga contactor coil. Ipfa kuri 40 V. Hakurikiraho transceiver ya CAN ivugana n'imodoka; ipfa kuri 30 V. Ibyuma by'amashanyarazi bya IGBT bifite amanota 1.2 kV ariko bicika kuri 1.6 kV. Igitero kimwe cyabereye i Milan cyahitanye bose uko ari batatu ku myanya 8. Fagitire yari €28.400 hamwe n'iminsi ibiri yo kugurisha. SPD ya €90 kuri buri feeder yari kuzigama igice.

Igiciro cya One Strike vs One SPD

Igice cya Charger	Ikiguzi cyo gusimbuza	Amasaha y'akazi	Ibicuruzwa byatakaye/umunsi	Igitero cyose
Itangwa rya 12 V	€180	1	€400	€580
Ikibaho cya CAN	€220	2	€400	€620
Module y'amashanyarazi	€1,800	4	€400	€2,200
chargeur yuzuye	€8,000	8	€800	€8,800
SPD 40 kA	€90	0.5	€0	€90

Imbonerahamwe igaragaza ko igice kimwe cyananiwe gitwara SPD zirenga icumi.

Ingaruka Zihishe: Garanti Idafite Ishingiro

Imashini nyinshi zikora charger ntizikoresha garanti iyo aho hantu nta SPD ifite muri metero 10. Ingingo iri ku ipaji ya 14 y'igitabo cy'amabwiriza, bityo abaguzi benshi barayibura. Iyo module ihiye, igikoresho gisaba ifoto y'agasanduku. Nta SPD bivuze ko nta guhinduranya ku buntu. Noherereza abaguzi kopi y'ingingo n'umuyoboro ugana kuri DIN rail unit yacu. Bongeraho igice maze garanti igakomeza kubaho.

Igihe cyo gukora urubuga n'icyizere cy'abashoferi

Abashoferi ba EV bakoresha porogaramu zigaragaza uko ibintu bimeze. Iyo charger yawe itarakora mu minsi ibiri, porogaramu ishyira urubuga rwawe hasi ku rutonde. Igabanuka rya foot rigera kuri 30%. Ikosa rimwe ribi rishobora gusiba inyungu y'urubuga rwose. SPD nto ikomeza charger kuri interineti n'ikirango cyawe mu mutwe w'umushoferi.

Ese chargers za EV zifite uburinzi bw'ingufu zubatswemo?

Nafunguye amasosiyete icumi yo gushyushya amashanyarazi umwaka ushize—igice kimwe cya kabiri cyari gifite ikintu kimwe uretse fuse n'inseko.

Inyinshi muri chargers za EV zoherezwa zifite fuse z'ibanze na diode za TVS zikora gusa spikes nto. Kugira ngo ubone ingufu nyazo z'inkuba, ukeneye SPD yo hanze ishyirwa kuri feeder. Nyongeraho kuri buri installation.

Icyo uruganda rushyira imbere mu by'ukuri

Uruhande rwa ac ubusanzwe rufite fuse y'ikirahure ya 20 A na varistor ya metal-oxide ya 275 V ingana n'igiceri. Iyo MOV ishobora gufata 1.5 kA rimwe, hanyuma igapfa. Uruhande rwa dc ntacyo rugira kuko uwakoze imodoka yizeye ko ari yo izirinda. Ikibaho cya comm gishobora kuba gifite diode nto ya TVS ishobora gutwara 200 W. Ingufu za 40 kA zihita zitanga inshuro 100 z'izo ngufu. Ibice byubatswemo bikora nk'umukandara w'intebe mu mpanuka y'indege—birafasha, ariko ntibikiza umunsi.

Ameza y'Ibyubatswemo cyangwa Ikenewe

Inzira	Igice cy'uruganda	Igipimo cy'ubwiyongere bw'izamuka	Akaga Nyako	Ibisubizo
NA LN	MOV ya mm 20	1.5 kA	40 kA	Wapfuye
DC + -	Nta na kimwe	0	10 kA	Wapfuye
Comm CAN	Televiziyo 200 W	200 W	500 W	Wapfuye
AC hamwe na SPD	MOV ya 40kA	40 kA	40 kA	Bazima

Impamvu Abakora Bakomeza Kubigaragaza

Ikiguzi n'amategeko agenga umwanya. SPD yongeraho €90 na mm 72 kuri gari ya moshi ya DIN. Mu ntambara y'ibiciro, ibyo birahagije kugira ngo umuntu abure isoko. Abakora amashanyarazi bizera umuhanga mu by'amashanyarazi kugira ngo bongereho andi. Igitabo cyerekana ndetse imbonerahamwe y'insinga ifite umwanya wa SPD urimo ubusa. Ndabwira abaguzi: charger ni kimwe cya kabiri cy'ibicuruzwa; SPD ni ikindi gice.

Icyemezo kirasaba ko habaho SPD yo hanze

Ishaje ishobora kuba ifite CE cyangwa UL, ariko cert ikorerwa muri laboratwari isukuye ifite imiraba ya 2 kV. Inkuba nyayo ni 6 kV na 40 kA. Inzu ipima ibi irabizi, bityo bandika "SPD yo hanze irakenewe" muri raporo. Nanditse uwo murongo mu gisobanuro cyanjye kugira ngo umuguzi arebe inyandiko imwe kabiri. Yongeraho igice maze twembi turaryama neza.

Ni iki kibaho hatabayeho uburinzi bw'amashanyarazi ku ma charger ya EV?

Mfite ifoto y'imodoka ya DC yashongeshejwe—abashoferi bagombaga gusunika imodoka bakazikura aho banyweraga itabi.

Hatabayeho uburinzi bw'ingufu, gukubita rimwe gusa bica module z'amashanyarazi, contactors, na comm boards. Charger irazimira, abashoferi basiga ibitekerezo bibi, kandi utakaza ibyo wagurishije kugeza igihe ibice bishya bije. Ibi ndabibona buri gihe cy'imvura.

Ikibazo nyacyo: Aho imodoka nini iherereye mu Butaliyani

Inkingi makumyabiri zari ku gipangu cyo kunyuramo ku musozi. Inkuba yakubise gridi mu birometero 3 uvuye aho. Umuvuduko w’amazi wazamuye umurongo wo hejuru muri buri shajara. Buri kontaro ya dc yafunze, maze IGBTs nini ziracika. Aho hantu hari umwijima mu gihe cy’iminsi itanu. Ibice byaguze €42,000, ibicuruzwa byatakaye byongereyeho €15,000, kandi umukoresha yishyuye igihano ku buyobozi bw’umuhanda. Itsinda rya SPDs rya €1,800 ryari gutuma aho hantu hakomeza kubaho.

Inkongi y'umuriro mu kabati

Iyo MOV iri mu cyuma gishyushya umuriro ipfuye, ishobora gukurura 100 A kugeza igihe icyuma gishyushya umuriro gihita. Ubushyuhe bushongesha pulasitiki bugatwika ivumbi. Ahantu hamwe muri Texas hagaragaye icyuma gishyushya umuriro cyahiye. Raporo y'abazimya umuriro yagaragaje ko "ikibazo cyo kubura umuriro" ari cyo cyateye. Ubwishingizi bwanze kwishyura kuko nta SPD yo hanze yari yashyizweho. Igice cya 90 cy'amayero cyashoboraga kuzigama icyuma gishyushya umuriro cya 12.000 by'amayero n'ahantu ho kwikinga 50.000 by'amayero.

Imbonerahamwe y'ibyananiranye nanditse

Urubuga	Amasharubu	Intera yo guhagarara	Ibice byatakaye	Iminsi yo Kuruhuka
ikoranabuhanga ryo mu muhanda	20	3 km	Ibibaho 20 bya dc	5
Iduka rya DE	6	1 km	Ibikoresho bya ac 6	2
Umujyi w'Ubwongereza	4	0.5 km	Ibibaho 4 by'itumanaho	1
Hamwe na SPD	Icyo ari cyo cyose	Icyo ari cyo cyose	0	0

Isubira inyuma ry'abashoferi n'amafaranga yinjira yatakaye

Abashoferi ba EV bakoresha porogaramu zigaragaza uko ibintu bimeze. Iyo ubutumwa bwawe bumaze iminsi ibiri butari kuri interineti, porogaramu igushyira hasi ku rutonde. Ingufu zishobora kugabanukaho 30%. Iterabwoba rimwe ribi rishobora gusiba inyungu y'urubuga rwose. SPD nto ikomeza gushyira charger kuri interineti n'ikirango cyawe mu mutwe w'umushoferi.

Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'amategeko

Hari imbuga zimwe na zimwe zifite amasezerano y’ibicuruzwa asezeranya 97% by’igihe cyo gukora. Iyo ukwiyongera kw’ibicuruzwa bikurenze icyo kigereranyo, wishyura ihazabu. Umukozi umwe yishyuye €8.000 nyuma yo guhagarika akazi. Igiciro cya SPD ni gito kuruta ukwezi kumwe kw’igihano. Nongeyeho ingingo ku ibaruwa yanjye y’itangwa kugira ngo umuguzi abone ingaruka mu mafaranga.

Uburyo bwo kurinda umuriro w'amashanyarazi kuri EV Chargers: Ubwoko bwa SPD n'ingero z'ikoreshwa ryayo?

Mpa buri rubuga ikarita y'urupapuro rumwe: Andika 1 kuri feeder, Andika 2 kuri charger rack, Andika 3 kuri comm box—byoroshye kandi bitagira ingaruka mbi.

Koresha Ubwoko bwa 1 ku kibaho kinini kugira ngo ubone inkuba, Ubwoko bwa 2 ku duce duto two gushyushya kugira ngo ubone imbaraga ziturutse ku majyambere, na Ubwoko bwa 3 ku mirongo ya comm ku tubaho dufite voltage nke. Ntanga ibikoresho bifite ibirango kugira ngo abakozi badashobora kubivanga.

AC Feeder: Ubwoko bwa 1+2 40 kA

Ikibaho kinini gikoresha uburyo bwo gukubita bugaragara. Dukoresha bloki ya MOV ya 40 kA 8/20 µs ifite umuyoboro wa 25 kA 10/350 µs mu gasanduku kamwe. Iki gice gifata kuri 1.2 kV kandi gishyiramo umuyoboro wa DIN wa 36 mm. Nshyiramo ibendera rigaragara n'aho rikorera. Insinga zifata kuri SCADA kugira ngo nyir'ikintu amenye igihe igice kirushye.

Igice gito cy'umukoresha charger: Ubwoko bwa 2 20 kA

Buri murongo w'imashini zishyushya ufite imashini yazo. Twongeraho 20 kA Type 2 nyuma gato y'imashini ishyushya. Inzira igana kuri mashini igomba kuguma munsi ya metero 10. Niba igihe cyo kuyishyushya ari kirekire, twongeramo indi mashini ya 3 ku gice cyo kuyishyushya. Igice cyayo gikoreshwa mu gucomeka, bityo umuhanga mu by'ikoranabuhanga aragihindura imbonankubone. Hari ahantu hamwe mu Bufaransa hahinduwe ibyuma 6 mu minota 15 mu gihe cy'ikiruhuko cya saa sita.

Umusaruro wa DC: Ubwoko bwa 2 600 V dc

Insinga ya dc isohoka hanze kandi ikora nk'antene. Dukoresha ubwoko bwa 2 bwa 600 V dc bushyirwa mu gasanduku ka polycarbonate ku giti. Igice gifata kuri 1.2 kV kandi gishobora gufata 20 kA. Gihuza contactor n'isoko y'imodoka. LED y'icyatsi kibisi igaragaza neza; umutuku bivuze guhinduranya. Mfite uduce 500 i Hamburg kugira ngo dushyirwe ku munsi ukurikiyeho.

Imbonerahamwe y'Urutonde rw'Itoranywa hakurikijwe Aho Riherereye

Aho biherereye	Igikangisho	Ubwoko bwa SPD	Ibisobanuro	Gusoza
Inama nkuru	Inkuba	Ubwoko bwa 1+2	40 kA 8/20	Gari ya moshi ya DIN
Umurongo w'ishaja	Byatewe n'ibikorwa	Ubwoko bwa 2	20 kA 8/20	Gari ya moshi ya DIN
Ibisohoka bya DC	Ihindagurika	Ubwoko bwa 2 dc	20 kA 8/20	Agasanduku k'iposita
Umurongo w'itumanaho	V yo hasi	Ubwoko bwa 3	5 kA 8/20	RJ45 muri

 Amashari akoresha imirasire y'izuba

Hari ahantu hongera PV ku gisenge. Gukubita kimwe bishobora kugonga umurongo w'izuba ugasimbuka kuri bisi ya dc charger. Dukoresha 1.000 V dc SPD kuri solar combiner na 600 V dc SPD kuri charger. Ibice byombi bisangiye ubutaka bumwe bityo voltage igakomeza kungana. Ngurisha paki ebyiri zifite nimero imwe y'igice kugira ngo umuguzi atakwibagirwa uruhande rumwe.

Uburinzi bw'ingufu mu kubungabunga no gucunga ibyuma bitanga umuriro w'amashanyarazi?

Mpa buri rubuga urutonde rw'imirongo itanu: kureba, gukanda, guhinduranya, kwandika, gusubiza—byakozwe mu minota iri munsi y'ibiri.

Kubungabunga biroroshye: kugenzura amatara ya LED buri kwezi, guhinduranya amakarito adakora, no kwandika itariki. Nohereza amapaki y'inyongera n'urupapuro rw'inyandiko kugira ngo itsinda ry'abashinzwe ikoranabuhanga ritajya rimpamagaye ngo mpindure ibintu byoroshye.

Igenzura ry'amaso buri kwezi

Umuhanga mu by'ikoranabuhanga anyura ku murongo akabara amatara y'icyatsi kibisi. Idirishya ritukura risobanura ko MOV yatetse. Yandika urukurikirane rw'amakuru mu gitabo hanyuma agasimbuza karito mu kiruhuko gikurikiraho. Umwe mu bakozi bo mu Bwongereza afite imyanya 200; urugendo rumara iminota 30 kandi rufata ibice 2-3 byapfuye buri kwezi. Ishaja iguma kuri interineti kandi umushoferi ntabona ikosa.

Ibimenyetso bya kure ku mbuga nini

Ku mihanda minini, dushyira SPD ku muyoboro w'amazi usanzwe kuri SCADA. Akadomo gatukura kuri HMI kanditseho ngo "SPD yapfuye." Icyumba cyo kugenzura kitwandikira kuri imeri, twohereza indi modoka, hanyuma umuhanga mu by'ikoranabuhanga akayisimbuza mu gihe gikurikira. Igihe cyo kudakora kiragabanuka kuva ku masaha kugeza ku minota. Nshyiramo $1.50 y'inyongera kuri micro-switch kandi mbitsa umuguzi $500 mu byo yatakaje.

Imbonerahamwe ya MTTR hakurikijwe Igishushanyo

Igishushanyo	Igihe cyo Guhinduranya	Ibikoresho	Guhinduranya mu buryo bufatika?	Igihe cyo kuruhuka
Injiramo	Amasegonda 30	Nta na kimwe	Yego	Zeru
Insinga ikomeye	Iminota 10	Udukingirizo	Oya	Iminota 10
Hamwe n'ikimenyetso	Amasegonda 30	Nta na kimwe	Yego	Zeru
Nta kindi gisigaye	Iminsi 2	Gutumiza + kohereza	Oya	Amasaha 48

Imigabane ya za Cartridges zisigaye

Mfite agasanduku ka pulasitiki gashyirwamo amakarito 10 n'amasasu mu cyumba cy'akazi. Agasanduku gafite kode ya QR; umuhanga aragasuzuma maze twohereza amakarito 6 umunsi umwe. Hari ahantu hakoresheje amakarito 6 mu mwaka w'imvura nyinshi kandi ntabwo nigeze ntegereza ikamyo. Agasanduku kagura $8 kandi kazigamira guhamagara rimwe rifite agaciro ka $200.

Umubare w'ubuzima n'iherezo ry'ubuzima

Buri karitsiyo imara inshuro 20 zirenga. Twongeraho umubare ku ruhande kugira ngo umuhanga mu by'ikoranabuhanga abashe kwandika ibipimo by'ibipimo by'aho ibintu bigeze. Iyo umubare ugeze kuri 18, twohereza indi nshya. Umutegura areba uko ibintu bigenda maze yongeraho igice ku mwanya ukurikira. Nta kwihuta, nta masaha y'inyongera, nta bashoferi barakara.

Umwanzuro

Shyira ubwoko bwa 1+2+3 SPDs, reba LEDs buri kwezi, kandi uhindure karitsiyo vuba—chargers zawe ziguma kuri interineti kandi abashoferi bawe baguma bishimye.