Intangiriro

Mu rwego rwo guhindura imiterere y'ingufu ku isi, sisitemu zitanga ingufu za photovoltaic (izuba), bitewe n'imiterere yazo isukuye, ishobora kongera gukoreshwa, kandi irambye, ziri kuba igice cy'ingenzi cy'urwego rushya rw'ingufu. Ariko, mu gihe cy'imikorere, sisitemu za photovoltaic zihura n'ibibazo bitandukanye by'amashanyarazi nko gukubita inkuba, ihindagurika ry'imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi, no gusohora amazi mu buryo bw'amashanyarazi, bishobora kwangiza ibikoresho, kuzimya sisitemu, ndetse n'ingaruka zikomeye nk'inkongi. Ibikoresho bikingira ingufu (Surge Protective Device, SPD) nk'igice cy'ingenzi cy'umutekano w'amashanyarazi muri sisitemu za photovoltaic bishobora gukumira neza ingufu zidasanzwe n'imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi, bigatuma sisitemu ikora neza. Iyi ngingo izasuzuma byimbitse uruhare rw'ingenzi, amahame ya tekiniki, ibipimo ngenderwaho byo guhitamo, n'uburyo isoko ry'ibikingira ingufu muri sisitemu za photovoltaic rigenda, kugira ngo bifashe abakora mu nganda gusobanukirwa neza akamaro kabyo.

Ⅰ. Ingorane z'amashanyarazi ziterwa na sisitemu za photovoltaic hamwe n'uburemere bwo kurinda ubwiyongere bw'amazi

1.1 Ibiranga ibidukikije by'amashanyarazi bya sisitemu ya photovoltaic

Sisitemu za photovoltaic zikunze gushyirwa hanze kandi zigashyirwa ahantu hagoye, bigatuma zishobora guhura n’ibibazo bikurikira by’amashanyarazi.

1.1.1 Inkuba ikubita

Gukubita inkuba mu buryo butaziguye cyangwa gukubita inkuba bivuye ku nkuba bishobora guteza amashanyarazi menshi cyane mu buryo bwa photovoltaic arrays, inverters, na sisitemu zo gukwirakwiza ingufu.

1.1.2 Guhindura Overvoltage

Guhindura imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi, guhindura umutwaro, cyangwa guhagarara kw'imashini zihindura imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi bishobora gutera amashanyarazi menshi cyane.

1.1.3 Gusohora Amashanyarazi (ESD)

Mu bidukikije byumye, ubwiyongere bw'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga bushobora kwangiza ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga.

1.1.4 Ihindagurika ry'urusobe rw'amazi

Kuzamuka, kugabanuka, cyangwa kwivanga k'amashanyarazi mu buryo butunguranye bishobora kugira ingaruka ku buryo sisitemu ihamye.

1.2 Ibyago Bitewe n'impamvu by'imigezi izamuka ijya kuri sisitemu ya photovoltaic

Iyo ingamba zinoze zo kurinda umuvuduko w’amazi zidafashwe, sisitemu ya photovoltaic ishobora guhura n’ibibazo bikurikira:

- Kwangirika kw'ibikoresho: Ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga bigezweho nka inverters, controllers, na sisitemu zo kugenzura bishobora kwangirika cyane kandi bishobora no gukora nabi.

- Kugabanuka k'imikorere y'amashanyarazi: Gusibangana kenshi kw'amashanyarazi bishobora gutuma sisitemu ifungwa, bigagabanya ingano y'amashanyarazi akorwa.

- Ingaruka z'umutekano: Umuriro ukabije ushobora gutera inkongi z'amashanyarazi, bigatera ibyago ku buzima bw'abantu ndetse n'imitungo yabo.

1.3 Ishingiro Imikorere by'abarinda indwara zo mu bwonko

Imashini irinda umuvuduko w’amashanyarazi ishobora gusohora vuba umuvuduko w’amashanyarazi no kugabanya umuvuduko w’amashanyarazi, bigatuma ibice byose bya sisitemu ya photovoltaic bikora mu rugero rw’amashanyarazi rutekanye. Ni garanti y’ingenzi ku buryo sisitemu ya photovoltaic izakomeza kwizerwa no kuramba.

Ⅱ. Gukora Amahame n'imiterere y'ikoranabuhanga by'abarinda indwara zo mu bwonko

2.1 Ishingiro Gukora Ihame ry'Abarinzi b'Ingufu

Inshingano y'ingenzi ya SPD ni ukumenya amashanyarazi arenze urugero mu gihe cya nanosecond no kurinda sisitemu hakoreshejwe uburyo bukurikira:

• Gufunga voltage: Gukoresha ibice nka varistors (MOV) na gaz discharge tubes (GDT) kugira ngo ugabanye overvoltage kugeza ku rwego rwiza.

• Gukwirakwiza ingufu: Guhindura umuyoboro w'amazi ujya mu butaka kugira ngo wirinde ko winjira mu bikoresho.

• Gukira mu buryo bwikora: SPD zimwe zishobora gusubira mu buryo bwazo busanzwe nyuma yo kwiyongera kw'ingufu.

2.2 Tekiniki Ibiranga Ibikoresho Bidasanzwe Birinda Ubushyuhe kuri Sisitemu za Photovoltaic

Bitewe n'umwihariko wa sisitemu za photovoltaic, SPD y'izi sisitemu igomba kuzuza ibi bikurikira:

- Ubudahangarwa bw'amashanyarazi menshi: Umuvuduko wa DC w'urutonde rwa photovoltaic ushobora kugera hejuru ya 1000V, kandi SPD igomba guhuzwa n'urwego rwa voltage ruri hejuru.

- Ubushobozi bunini bw'amashanyarazi: Ishobora kwihanganira ingaruka zikomeye z'ingufu mu gihe cy'inkuba cyangwa imiyoboro migufi.

- Voltage nkeya zisigaye: Igenzura ko ibikoresho birinzwe bitabangamirwa n'voltage nyinshi cyane.

- Ubudahangarwa bw'ikirere: Ishobora kwihanganira ikirere kibi cyo hanze nko ku bushyuhe bwinshi n'ubukonje, ndetse n'imirasire ya ultraviolet.

2.3 Gushyira mu byiciro by'abarinda indwara zo mu bwonko

Dukurikije aho porogaramu iherereye n'imikorere yayo, SPD y'ingufu z'amashanyarazi ishobora gushyirwa mu byiciro bikurikira:

• DC side SPD: Ikoreshwa hagati ya module ya photovoltaic na inverter, kugira ngo irinde kwiyongera kwa DC side.

• SPD yo ku ruhande rwa AC: Ikoreshwa ku mpera y'umuvuduko wa inverter, kugira ngo irinde kwiyongera kw'amashanyarazi kuva ku ruhande rwa grid.

• Signal SPD: Ikoreshwa mu kurinda inkuba imiyoboro yo gukusanya amakuru no gutumanaho.

Ⅲ. Guhitamo n'amabwiriza yo gushyiraho ibikoresho birinda ubushyuhe bwa photovoltaic

3.1 Urufunguzo Ibipimo ku bijyanye no guhitamo

• Voltage ntarengwa ihoraho (Uc): Igomba kuba iri hejuru y’voltage ikoreshwa cyane kurusha voltage ikoreshwa cyane muri sisitemu.

• Umuyoboro wo gusohora amazi mu buryo bwa Nominal (In): Ugaragaza ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira umuvuduko wa SPD. Muri rusange, agaciro karenze 20kA ni ko gasabwa.

• Urwego rwo kurinda voltage (Hejuru): Uko voltage isigaye iba nke, niko ingaruka zo kurinda ziba nziza.

• Ingano yo kurinda IP: Kugira ngo ishyirwe hanze, igomba kugera kuri IP65 cyangwa irenga.

3.2 Gushyiramo Ibisobanuro

- Gushyiraho ku ruhande rwa DC: Iherereye hafi y'umurongo wa photovoltaic na inverter kugira ngo igabanye kwiyongera kw'umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi.

- Ibisabwa mu gusimbuza: Kumenya neza ko hagomba gusimbuza ubutaka mu buryo budakoresha imbaraga nyinshi kugira ngo hongerwe uburyo bwo gusimbuza amazi mu buryo bugezweho.

- Uburinzi bwa Cascaded: Koresha SPD nyinshi (nk'icyiciro cya I + icya II) kugira ngo ubone uburinzi bwuzuye.

Ⅳ.Isi yose Izuba Inzira z'Isoko ry'Abarinzi b'Izamuka

4.1 Gutwara imodoka Ibintu kugira ngo isoko rirusheho kwiyongera

- Ubushobozi bw'ingufu za photovoltaic bukomeje kwiyongera (biteganijwe ko ubushobozi bw'ingufu za photovoltaic ku isi yose buzarenga 3000 GW mu 2030).

- Amabwiriza agenga umutekano w'amashanyarazi mu bihugu bitandukanye arimo kugenda akarande (nk'amahame nka IEC 61643 na UL 1449).

- Kwita ku bwizerwe n'igihe cy'ubuzima byariyongereye.

4.2 Udushya Icyerekezo mu Ikoranabuhanga

- SPD y'ubwenge: Imikorere yo kugenzura ikoresheje uburyo buhuriweho, ishobora gutanga amakuru arambuye no gusuzuma amakosa ari kure.

- Igishushanyo mbonera cya modular: Gifasha mu kubungabunga no gusimbuza.

- Guhangana n'ubushyuhe bwinshi: Bishobora kwihanganira ikirere gikabije.

Ⅴ. Umwanzuro

Ibikoresho birinda ubushyuhe ni ingenzi mu gutuma sisitemu za photovoltaic zikora neza kandi mu buryo buhamye. Guhitamo, gushyiraho no kubungabunga bigira ingaruka ku mikorere myiza y’amashanyarazi no ku gihe cy’imikorere y’iyi sisitemu. Hamwe n’iterambere ryihuse ry’inganda za photovoltaic, SPD zifite imikorere myiza kandi zizewe zizaba ingenzi ku isoko. Ibigo bigomba gushimangira ubushakashatsi n’iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga no gutanga ibicuruzwa byiza bikurikiza amahame mpuzamahanga kugira ngo bihuze n’ubukene bw’amashanyarazi bukomeje kwiyongera ku isoko mpuzamahanga rya photovoltaic.