Intangiriro:

Kuki ibikoresho byawe bikenera "Voltage Bodyguard"?

Tekereza kuri ibi: Mu ijoro ry'inkubi y'umuyaga aho inkuba zinyura mu kirere, ibikoresho byawe bifite agaciro k'ibihumbi amagana "bihita bigwa." Iyi si inkuru yo muri filime iteye ubwoba ahubwo ni inzozi mbi z'inganda nyinshi n'imiryango byahuye nazo. Igikoresho cyo kurinda umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi (SPD) ni cyo "gihangange" cy'iyi nkuru—gishobora gukumira umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi uteje akaga mu isegonda rimwe gusa. Ariko dore ikibazo: abantu benshi bazana uyu "murinzi" mu rugo batazi uburyo bwo kuwukoresha neza.

Uyu munsi, reka tuvuge kuri uyu mucungamutungo usa n'aho woroshye ariko ugoye cyane w'umutekano w'amashanyarazi.

Igice cya 1: Menya "umurinzi wawe w'ikoranabuhanga"

1.1 Ni ubuhe bwoko bw' "ikoranabuhanga ry'umukara" rya SPD?

Mu by'ukuri, ihame ryo kurinda umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi ntabwo rigoye. Ni nk'"imashini ikoresha ubwenge", iguma ituje mu bihe bisanzwe. Iyo imaze kubona ingufu zidasanzwe (nk'ibihumbi byinshi bya volti z'amashanyarazi menshi mu gihe cy'inkuba), ishobora "gufungura umuryango ikarekura amazi" mu masegonda make, igatwara umuriro uteje akaga ku butaka. Uyu muvuduko w'imyitwarire wihuta gute? Ni inshuro za miriyoni kurusha uko uhumbya amaso!

1.2 Gusesengura "ingingo z'imbere" za SPD

SPD zisanzwe ku isoko zishingira ku "buhanga butatu bwihariye" kugira ngo zikore:

Varistori ya okiside y'icyuma (MOV): ifata amashanyarazi menshi nk'uko ipamba ifata amazi

Umuyoboro wo gusohora gaze (GDT): ikora imigezi minini ikoresheje iyonizing gaze

Diode yo guhosha y'igihe gito (TVS): yihariye mu guhangana n'izo "mpungenge mbi" zidafite ingufu nyinshi

Igishimishije ni uko ubwoko butandukanye bwa SPD mu by’ukuri bufite imbaraga zabwo. Nk’uko guhitamo umurinzi bitareba gusa imitsi, guhitamo SPD nabyo biterwa n’igihe runaka - ibyo uruganda rukenera n’icyumba cyo mu rugo biratandukanye cyane.

Igice cya 2: Kukwigisha uburyo bwo gushyiramo SPD intambwe ku yindi

2.1 Inzira yo kwirinda ingorane mu kugura

Umwaka ushize, umukiriya yanyitotombeye avuga ko SPD yaguze ntacyo imaze. Nyuma yo kubaza, nasanze yashyizeho moderi ya 20kA yo gukoreshwa mu rugo ku kibuga cy'indege kiri mu gace k'imisozi gakunze gukubitwa n'inkuba! Ibi ni nko gukoresha umutaka mu gukumira urubura. Byaba bitangaje iyo idacika.

Wibuke iyi mibare y'ingenzi mugihe uguze:

• Agaciro k'ingufu: bigomba kuba bihuye! Gushyiramo 380V SPD kuri sisitemu ya 220V bingana no kutayishyiramo

• Igipimo cy'amazi asohoka: 40kA irasabwa ku turere two ku nkombe dufite inkuba nyinshi

• Uburyo bwo kurinda: Ubwoko bwa "1 + 1" bukoreshwa ku bikoresho bisanzwe byo mu rugo, naho ubwoko bwa "3 + 1" ni bwo bwiza ku bikoresho by'ubuhanga

2.2 "Isomo ry'amaraso n'amarira" aho igikorwa cyo gushyiraho

Mu kwezi gushize, nagiye mu kigo cy’amakuru kugira ngo nsange amakuru, maze nsanga SPD yabo yari yashyizwe muri metero 3 uvuye ku murongo mukuru! Ibi ni nko gufunga icyuma kizimya umuriro mu cyumba gikurikira. Iyo hari umuriro nyawo, nta mwanya wo kuwufata.

Imiterere ikwiye yo gushyiraho:

• Zimya amashanyarazi! Zimya amashanyarazi! Zimya amashanyarazi! (Ibintu by'ingenzi bigomba kuvugwa inshuro eshatu)

• Wibuke uburyo insinga zikoreshwa: banza uhuze insinga yo hasi, hanyuma uhuze insinga idafite aho ibogamiye, hanyuma uhuze insinga ikora

• Gerageza kugabanya uburebure bw'insinga yo guhuza (ingaruka zo kurinda zizagabanukaho kabiri niba zirenze metero 0.5)

• Ntiwibagirwe gukora "isuzuma ry'umubiri": koresha megohmmeter kugira ngo upime ubukana bw'ubutaka

Dore amayeri make: shyira agapapuro gafatana iruhande rwa SPD wandike itariki yo gushyiraho. Iki kintu kimeze nk'aho feri y'imodoka ikoreshwa, kigomba gusimburwa nyuma y'igihe kirekire gikoreshwa.

Igice cya 3: Ibisobanuro by'isuku byirengagijwe na 90% by'abantu

3.1 "Ibimenyetso by'urupfu" rwa SPD

• SPD ntishobora kuvuga, ariko izakubwira ngo "Ndapfa" muri ubu buryo:

• Igikonoshwa gihinduka umuhondo kandi kigahinduka (nk'igikinisho cya pulasitiki gishaje). Itara ryerekana imiterere ritangira "gupfa" (biragaragara ko rikoresha umuriro ariko ntiryaka) Ibikoresho akenshi bigira "imyuka" (gutangira gushya bitasobanuwe cyangwa kugwa)

• Ni byiza gukora igenzura ryoroshye buri gihembwe: kora ku bushyuhe bw'igikonoshwa n'ukuboko kwawe (niba gishyushye, hari ikibazo), hanyuma urebe ikimenyetso cy'idirishya (icyatsi kibisi bivuze ko ari kizima, umutuku bivuze ko kigomba gusimbuzwa).

3.2 "Amakosa yo hasi" twakoze muri iyo myaka

• Ikosa rya 1: Gufata SPD nk'imitako "ya burundu" (mu by'ukuri, ni ikintu gishobora gukoreshwa)

• Ikosa rya 2: Guhuza insinga yo hasi n'icyuma mu buryo busanzwe (hakenewe electrode yihariye yo hasi)

• Ikosa rya 3: Kuvanga imiti ya SPD y’ibirango bitandukanye (nk’uko bifatwa ku miti yo mu Bushinwa n’iyo mu Burengerazuba ku buryo butunguranye)

Ikintu giteye ubwoba cyane ni uko nabonye umuntu akoresha SPD nk'icyuma gitanga amashanyarazi, cyuzuyemo amasafuriya y'amashanyarazi n'amashyiga ya mikoroonde...

Igice cya 4: Ibibazo n'Ibisubizo bivuye mu ntambara nyayo

Q: Ese ushobora kwiyizera nyuma yo gushyiraho SPD?

A: Kimwe no kwambara umukandara w'imodoka, ntushobora kugonga imodoka nkana. SPD+lightning arrester+UPS niyo paki yuzuye.

Q: Ni gute wamenya niba SPD yangiritse cyangwa ibikoresho bifite inenge?

A: Amayeri yoroshye: nyuma yo gukuraho SPD, ibikoresho bisubira uko bisanzwe, icyo gihe ni ikibazo cya SPD.

Q: Igihe cyo gukora cya SPD kimara kingana iki?

A: Ibi biterwa n'umubare w'"ibitero". Urugero, umukiriya wo muri Guangdong yakubiswe n'inkuba inshuro 12 mu munsi umwe, naho SPD ye irasezera mu kazi mu mezi atatu.

Mu gusoza: Igitekerezo cyo "kugura ubwishingizi" ku byuma by'amashanyarazi

Nabonye abantu benshi cyane biteguye gukoresha amafaranga menshi ku bikoresho, ariko bahangayikishijwe cyane no kwirinda. Mu by'ukuri, SPD ni nk'"ubwishingizi bw'ubuvuzi" bw'amashanyarazi. Ushobora kutabyumva mu bihe bisanzwe, ariko bishobora kurokora ubuzima bwawe mu bihe bikomeye.

Hanyuma, ndagira ngo mbwire buri wese ijambo: uburyo bwiza bwo kurinda umuvuduko ntabwo buhenze cyane, ahubwo ni bwo bukwiriye cyane. Ubutaha nugura, ushobora no kubaza umutanga serivisi ibizamini bifatika iyi moderi yahuye nabyo. N'ubundi kandi, nta muntu utinyuka kugira "umurinzi" ubivugaho gusa ku mpapuro.

Inyandiko za tekiniki:

• Amakuru yapimwe agaragaza ko SPDs zishyizwemo neza zishobora kugabanya kwangirika kw'inkuba ku kigero cya 82%.

• Dukurikije IEC 61643, igihe cyo gusubiza cya SPD nziza kigomba kuba ≤25ns

• Mu turere dufite inkuba nyinshi, ni byiza gusimbuza ibice by'ingenzi bya SPD buri myaka 3