1.Ingorane zihishe inyuma y'inganda zikora amashanyarazi akomoka kuri photovoltaic

Mu myaka ya vuba aha, isoko ry’ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y’izuba ku isi ryakomeje kwiyongera ku muvuduko utangaje, nk’uko roketi itera. Ndacyibuka ubwo nitabiraga imurikagurisha ry’ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y’izuba mu Budage mu myaka itanu ishize, ingufu za module zari hafi 300W. Ubu, ntabwo bikunze kugaragara ko module za 600W+ zikoresha imirasire ibiri. Ariko, muri uku kwiyongera kw’ishyirwaho, ikibazo cy’ingenzi gikunze kwirengagizwa - kurinda sisitemu.

Umwaka ushize, isosiyete yacu yakoreye ikibazo cyaturutse muri Turukiya: sitasiyo y'amashanyarazi ya 5MW ikoreshwa hasi. Amezi atatu nyuma yo guhuzwa n'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi, inverters enye zaratwitswe zikurikiranye. Mu iperereza ryakozwe aho hantu, byagaragaye ko nyirayo yari yazigamye amafaranga akoresha mu kureka gukoresha ibikoresho byo kurinda ingufu ku ruhande rwa DC. Igihombo cya nyuma cyari kirenga amadolari y'Amerika 200.000, byari bihagije kugura SPDs amagana zo mu rwego rwo hejuru. Amasomo nk'ayo ntabwo asanzwe mu nganda.

2."Abicanyi ba Voltage" bahanganye na sisitemu ya photovoltaic

2.1Inkuba ikubita: ikibazo gikomeye cyane

Nahuye n'umushinga wuzuzanya n'imirasire y'uburobyi i Hainan. Agace kaho gafite iminsi irenga 90 y'inkuba buri mwaka. Umuyobozi wabo w'ibikorwa yambwiye ko mbere yo gushyiraho SPD, bahoraga bananiwe mu gihe cy'inkuba buri mwaka. Ikintu gikomeye cyane ni uko inkuba yateye inverters zose zo mu bwoko bwa string-type mu itsinda ryose "zigomba guhagarika" hamwe.

Igishimishije ni uko abantu benshi batekereza ko gukubita inkuba mu buryo butaziguye ari byo biteje akaga. Mu by’ukuri, amakuru yacu yo gushakisha agaragaza ko gukubita inkuba mu burebure bwa kilometero 3 bishobora gutuma habaho umuraba ukomeye uhagije wo kwangiza ibikoresho. Hari umushinga wo muri Brezili aho inkuba yakubitaga mu isambu yegereye, nyamara byatumye module zose zo kugenzura sisitemu ya photovoltaic zinanirwa.

2.2Ihindagurika ry'Umuyoboro w'Amagari: Umwicanyi Utagaragara

Ubwo twagiraga uruhare mu gutangiza umushinga wo kubaka igisenge cy’inzu muri Vietnam umwaka ushize, twanditse amakuru atangaje: Ihindagurika ry’amashanyarazi mu miyoboro y’amashanyarazi yo mu gace runaka mu gihe cy’ikoreshwa ry’amashanyarazi menshi akenshi ryarengaga 15%. Uku guhindagurika k’amashanyarazi ku buryo buhoraho byangiza igihe cy’ibikoresho kuruta kwiyongera kw’amashanyarazi ako kanya.

Ikibazo giteye ikibazo cyane ni umuvuduko w’amashanyarazi uterwa na sisitemu ya photovoltaic ubwayo. Wibuke ko igihe kimwe ubwo yageragezaga ubwoko runaka bwa inverter, ubwiyongere bw’amashanyarazi yakozwe mu gihe cyo kuzimya bwari bukubye inshuro enye umuvuduko w’amashanyarazi! Ubu bwoko bw’umuvuduko w’amashanyarazi “wikorera kandi wikoresha” ni ikintu ba nyir’amazu benshi batabona.

3.Ni gute SPD irinda sisitemu ya photovoltaic?

3.1Uburinzi bw'ibice byinshi: Ambara "igitambaro kidakingira amasasu" kuri sisitemu

Uburyo bwiza bwo kurinda bugomba kuba nk'igitunguru gifite ubwirinzi bwinshi. Akenshi tubasaba abakiriya gukoreshaingamba zo kurinda zigizwe n'ibice bitatu:

Urwego rw'urutonde:Shyiramo ubwoko bwa 2 SPD mu gasanduku k'insinga kugira ngo ukingire inkuba nyinshi.

Urwego rwa inverter: Koresha SPD yihariye ya photovoltaic ku ruhande rw'inyongera ya DC. Witondere cyane guhitamo voltage ya Uc.

Aho uhuza gridi:Shyiramo SPD ijyanye n'imiterere y'urusobe rw'amashanyarazi ku ruhande rwa AC.

3.2Guhitamo Kutumvikana: Uko parametero iba iri hejuru, niko iba nziza kurushaho

Akenshi bigaragara ko abakiriya bakurikirana mu buryo butari bwo agaciro ka Imax kari hejuru. Mu by'ukuri, ku mishinga myinshi ikwirakwizwa, ubushobozi bwo gusohora 20kA burahagije. Ikintu cy'ingenzi kiri muri ibi bikurikira:

- Ubushobozi bwo guhuza voltage (Uc ≥ 1.2 × Voltage ntarengwa ya sisitemu)

- Igipimo cy'amashanyarazi asigaye (Ibi ni ingenzi cyane kuko bigena niba ibikoresho bishobora kurindwa koko)

- Igikorwa cyo kwerekana kwangirika (Ibi ni ingenzi cyane kuko bishobora gukumira "zombie SPD")

Umukiriya wo muri Ositaraliya yashimangiye ko hagomba gushyirwaho SPD ifite amanota ya 40kA. Ariko, bitewe n'uko voltage ya Uc yari nke cyane, SPD yashaje imburagihe iyo sisitemu yari iri munsi y'umutwaro muto.

3.3Ntureke ngo ibibazo byo mu rwego rw'umutekano bikumire inyungu z'ishoramari

Nabonye ba nyir'amazu benshi bitonze kandi biteguye gukoresha amafaranga menshi ku bikoresho byo ku rwego rwo hejuru ariko bakaba bitondera cyane uburyo bwo kurinda sisitemu. Mu by'ukuri, igisubizo cya SPD (Surge Protective Device) cyakozwe neza akenshi kiba kiri hagati ya 0.3% na 0.5% by'ikiguzi cyose cy'umushinga, nyamara gishobora gukumira hejuru ya 80% by'ibura ry'amashanyarazi.

Birasabwa ko buri wese akwiye kuzirikana ibi bikurikira mu gihe cyo gushushanya:

- Amakuru yo mu gace k'iwanyu ku minsi y'inkuba (aboneka byoroshye mu biro bishinzwe iteganyagihe)

- Raporo z'ubuziranenge bw'urusobe rw'amakuru

- Amahame ngenderwaho yo kwihanganira kwiyongera kw'umuvuduko yashyizweho n'inganda zikora ibikoresho

Umwanzuro

Kugira ngo sisitemu ya photovoltaic ikore neza mu gihe cy'imyaka 25, ikeneye uburinzi bwizewe bwo gushyuha kw'amashanyarazi. Ni nko gukorera ahantu hirengeye udafashe umukandara w'umutekano - wenda ushobora kuguma mu mutekano inshuro 99 za mbere, ariko ku nshuro ya 100 bishobora kugutwara amafaranga menshi.