Intangiriro

Muri iki gihe gishingiye ku ikoranabuhanga, ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi n'iby'ikoranabuhanga biri mu kaga gakomeye kurusha mbere hose ko kwangirika kw'amashanyarazi guterwa n'inkuba, ihindagurika ry'imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi, cyangwa ibikorwa byo guhinduranya imbere mu kirere. Ibikoresho bikingira ingufu, bizwi kandi nka ibikoresho bikingira ingufu (SPDs), bigira uruhare runini mu kurinda ibikoresho byoroheje imbaraga z'amashanyarazi. Iyi nkuru irasuzuma uburyo ibikoresho bikingira ingufu mu nganda zitandukanye kandi ikagaragaza imikorere yabyo binyuze mu bushakashatsi.

1. Gusaba uburenganzira bwo gutura mu rugo

(I) Kurinda ibikoresho byo mu rugo

Muri iki gihe, imiryango ya none ntishobora kubaho idafite ibikoresho bitandukanye by'ikoranabuhanga, nka televiziyo, mudasobwa, firigo, na sisitemu z'ikoranabuhanga zo mu rugo. Iyo ibi bikoresho bihuye n'izamuka ry'amashanyarazi ritunguranye, bishobora kwangirika, ibyo bikaba bigira ingaruka ku buzima bwa buri munsi gusa, ahubwo bishobora no kuzana ikiguzi gihenze cyo gusana cyangwa gusimbuza.

Fata urugero rw'inzu yo mu nkengero z'umujyi muri Florida, muri Amerika. Igihe kimwe, inkuba yakubise hafi aho, bituma amashanyarazi azamuka cyane, kandi ibikoresho byinshi by'amashanyarazi byo mu ngo zari hafi aho byarangiritse, nka televiziyo, routers, na sisitemu za HVAC. Ariko, umuryango umwe washyizeho icyuma gikingira imbaho ​​ku kibaho gikuru cy'amashanyarazi mbere y'igihe, kandi ntacyo cyabaye, mu gihe abandi baturanyi bahombye cyane.

(II) Sisitemu yo kubyaza ingufu z'izuba ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba

Kubera ikoreshwa ry’imirasire y’izuba rikwirakwira cyane, akamaro ko kurinda imirasire y’izuba karushijeho kugaragara. Sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za inverter na batiri muri sisitemu yo kubyaza ingufu imirasire y’izuba irakomeye cyane kandi ishobora kwangirika.

Mu Budage, nyir'inzu yashyizeho icyuma gikingira ingufu z'amashanyarazi cya kabiri ku cyuma gitanga ingufu z'izuba. Nyuma, transformateur yari hafi aho yarananiwe, bituma amashanyarazi ahindagurika. Kubera iyo mpamvu, amashanyarazi yarenze yahinduriwe inzira maze inverter irabuzwa kwangirika, ibyo bikaba byari gutwara amayero arenga 2.000 kugira ngo ihindurwe.

2. Porogaramu z'ubucuruzi n'inganda

(I) Ibigo by'amakuru

Ibigo by’amakuru bifite ingufu zidasanzwe kandi bigomba gutanga amashanyarazi adacika intege kugira ngo seriveri zikomeze gukora neza. Nubwo byazamuka gato bishobora gutuma amakuru atakaza cyangwa kwangirika kwa seriveri, ibyo bikaba byatera igihombo gikomeye mu bukungu.

Urugero rwiza rwa Google Data Center muri Singapuru. Ikigo cy’amakuru gikoresha sisitemu yo kurinda isuri y’urwego runini, ifite icyuma gikingira isuri y’urwego rwa 1 (icyuma gifata inkuba) gishyirwa ku muryango n’icyuma gikingira isuri y’urwego rwa 3 (igikoresho cya nyuma) gishyirwa hafi ya seriveri. Igihe kimwe, ikigo cy’amakuru cyakubiswe n’inkuba mu buryo butaziguye, ariko icyuma gikingira isuri cyashoboye gukuraho isuri y’ingufu kandi cyirinda igihe cyo kubura amafaranga cyashoboraga gutuma amafaranga yinjira agabanuka cyane.

(II) Inganda zikora

Mu nganda zikora ibikoresho nk'imashini z'inganda, ibyuma bigenzura imikorere y'ikoranabuhanga (PLCs) n'ibikoresho by'imashini za CNC bikunze kwangirika cyane mu gihe cy'ihindagurika ry'amashanyarazi. Iyo umuriro udasanzwe, ibyo bikoresho bishobora kudakora neza.

Uruganda rukora imodoka rwa Toyota mu Buyapani rurabizi neza. Bashyize imashini zabo zo gusudira za roboti ibikoresho byo kurinda umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi. Igihe kimwe, inkuba yarakubise hafi y'uruganda, ariko inkuba yakingiye amaboko 15 ya roboti kwangirika. Bivugwa ko ibi byazigamiye amafaranga agera ku $500.000 mu gusana.

(III) Ibigo by'ubuvuzi

Ibigo nderabuzima nk'ibitaro byishingikiriza ku bikoresho by'ingenzi bitandukanye, nk'imashini zipima amashanyarazi (MRI), imashini zifasha guhumeka, n'uburyo bwo gukurikirana. Ibyo bikoresho nibimara kwangirika, ntibizateza igihombo mu bukungu gusa, ahubwo binagira ingaruka ku kuvura no kwita ku barwayi.

Mu bitaro byo muri Sydney, muri Ositaraliya, ibikoresho byose biri mu cyumba cy’indembe (ICU) byashyizwemo ibikoresho byose biri mu cyumba cy’indembe. Igihe inkubi y’umuyaga yatangiraga muri ako gace, ibikoresho birinda kwangirika kw’ibikoresho by’ingenzi byangiritse kandi binatuma abarwayi babona ubuvuzi burambye.

3Itumanaho n'ibikorwa remezo

(I) Sitasiyo zigendanwa

Iminara y'itumanaho irakubitwa byoroshye n'inkuba bitewe n'imiterere yayo miremire. Iyo imaze gukubitwa, serivisi z'itumanaho zishobora guhagarara, bigatera imbogamizi zikomeye ku bakoresha.

Umukozi ushinzwe itumanaho i Seoul, muri Koreya y'Epfo, yafashe ingamba zifatika. Bashyizeho ubwoko bw'uburinzi bw'ubushyuhe ku minara yabo ya 5G. Mu gihe cy'imvura nyinshi, iyi minara yakubiswe n'inkuba inshuro nyinshi, ariko kubera uburinzi bw'uburinzi bw'ubushyuhe, nta gihe cyabayeho, mu gihe aho hantu hatari uburinzi bw'ubushyuhe byasabaga gusanwa kenshi.

(II) Sisitemu yo kugenzura ibinyabiziga

Imikorere isanzwe ya Sisitemu y’Ubwikorezi bw’Ubwenge (ITS) ntabwo itandukaniye n’amashanyarazi ahoraho, asaba imikorere idahagarara y’ibikoresho nk’ibimenyetso byo kugenzura na kamera zo kugenzura.

Mu mushinga wa smart city wa Dubai, sisitemu yo gucunga ibinyabiziga ifite icyuma kirinda umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi (surge protector) cy’ikimenyetso cy’amashanyarazi. Igihe kimwe, sitasiyo yari hafi aho yananiwe, bituma amashanyarazi azamuka cyane. Ariko icyuma kirinda umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi cyagabanyije ikibazo neza kandi cyirinda akajagari k'imodoka gashobora kuba karatewe n'umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi.

4Urwego rw'ingufu zisubira

(I) Ingufu z'umuyaga

Ibigo by’umuyaga ahanini biherereye ahantu hadatuwe kandi bishobora kwibasirwa n’inkuba. Iyo sisitemu yo kugenzura turbine yangiritse, ntibizatera gusa kuzimya ibikoresho, ahubwo bishobora no guteza igihombo gikomeye mu bukungu.

Indangagaciro y'umuyaga yo mu nyanja mu Nyanja ya Ruguru y'Ubwongereza iha agaciro gakomeye uburinzi bw'umuyaga uturutse ku muyaga. Bashyizeho ibikoresho byo kurinda umuyaga ku buryo bwo kugenzura turbine. Igihe kimwe, indangagaciro y'umuyaga yakubiswe n'inkuba, ariko indangagaciro y'umuyaga yashoboye gukumira kwangirika kwa sisitemu ya SCADA kandi yirinda igihombo cyashoboraga kugera kuri miliyoni imwe y'amapawundi.

(II) Sitasiyo zo Gucanira Ibinyabiziga Bikoresha Amashanyarazi (EV)

Imikorere isanzwe y'aho amashanyarazi ashyirwamo amashanyarazi nayo isaba uburinzi bukomeye bwo gushyushya kugira ngo umutekano n'ubwirinzi bibe byuzuye.

Fata urugero rwa Tesla Supercharger Network muri Kaliforuniya. Tesla yashyizeho ingamba zo kurinda umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi ku masitasiyo yayo ya Supercharger. Mu gihe hari amashanyarazi adakora neza, icyuma gikingira umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi cyabashije gukumira kwangirika kw'icyuma gitanga umuriro, bituma abakoresha imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi bakomeza gutanga serivisi.

5Porogaramu z'ubuhinzi

(I) Uburyo bwo kuhira

Uburyo bwinshi bwo kuhira mu buhinzi bugezweho bwishingikiriza ku byuma bigenzura ikoranabuhanga kugira ngo bikore mu buryo bwikora. Iyo ibyo byuma bigenzura bihuye n’izamuka ry’ingufu, bishobora gutuma uburyo bwo kuhira buhagarara, ibyo bigatuma umusaruro utera ingaruka ku mikurire y’ibihingwa.

Hateguwe ikigo cy’ubuhinzi mu Buholandi mbere y’igihe. Bashyizeho ibikoresho birinda imiyoboro y’amazi ku buryo bwabo bwo kuhira. Iyo transformateur yari hafi aho yananiwe bigatuma amashanyarazi azamuka cyane, icyo gikoresho kirinda imiyoboro y’amazi neza kandi kirinda koroherwa n’imiti.

Umwanzuro

Ibikoresho birinda indwara z’umuvuduko bigira uruhare runini mu buzima bwacu bwa buri munsi no mu bice bitandukanye bishobora guteza akaga. Byaba ibikoresho byo mu ngo, imashini z’inganda, cyangwa itumanaho n’ingufu zisubira, ibikoresho birinda indwara z’umuvuduko birinda kwangirika gukabije n’igihombo mu bukungu. Iyi nkuru igaragaza neza uruhare rw’ingenzi ibikoresho birinda indwara z’umuvuduko bigira mu gukomeza imikorere mu nganda zitandukanye binyuze mu bushakashatsi butandukanye.

Muri iki gihe, isi yacu igenda irushaho kugira amashanyarazi, kandi gushora imari mu bikoresho byo kurinda inkubi y'umuyaga byiza ntibikiri ingamba zo kwirinda gusa, ahubwo ni amahitamo akenewe.