Intego y'Umurinzi w'Ingufu ni iyihe?
Ndacyibuka impumuro y'ikibaho cya PLC cya $9.000 cyakaga nyuma yo gukubitwa rimwe—igice kimwe gihendutse cyashoboraga kukizigama.
Imashini irinda umuriro ifata ingufu n'amashanyarazi by'inyongera, hanyuma ikabisunika hasi kugira ngo imashini zawe zikomeze kugira umutekano. Nkora ibi bikoresho buri munsi muri Wenzhou kandi nkabigerageza hakurikijwe IEC 61643-11.
Niba uzi impamvu kwiyongera kw'ibintu bizamuka n'uburyo agasanduku gato kabihagarika, ushobora guhitamo igice gikwiye no kureka kwishyura ibyangiritse utari wateganyije.
Kuki Uburinzi bw'Indwara z ...
Nigeze kureba inkuba ihagarika umurongo wose i Milan—imodoka zitwara abantu, HMI, ndetse n'imashini ya kawa byapfiriye icyarimwe.
Ubwinshi bw'amazi bushobora guturuka ku nkuba, ku maguru mashya, cyangwa moteri nini, kandi bihitana amadirishya, amabati, n'amakuru. Gutera rimwe bishobora gutwara igihe kirenga umwaka cy'ibikoresho byo kurinda ubwinshi bw'amazi.
Aho kwiyongera kw'ingufu guturuka
Ubwinshi bw'amashanyarazi ni umuvuduko muke w'amashanyarazi menshi amara amasegonda make. Inkuba ni yo soko nini, ariko ibitero byinshi bituruka imbere mu ruganda. Iyo moteri ya 100 kW ihagaze, coil isubiza ingufu mu murongo. Uwo muvuduko ushobora gukubita 2 kV no kugenda mu mugozi umwe ugaburira PLC yawe. Ngerageza ibintu nk'ibyo buri cyumweru muri laboratwari yanjye. Ducana moteri, tukayihagarika cyane, hanyuma tukareba uko scope igenda. Gukubita hafi kuri grid byongera imbaraga nyinshi. Uruvange rw'amasoko yombi ni rwo mashini yawe ibona ku munsi w'inkubi y'umuyaga.
Icyo Surge Ikora ku Bikoresho Byawe
Ibikoresho bigezweho bikoresha MOSFET 600 za V zipfa kuri 900 V. Umuvuduko wa 1.5 kV urabica mu isasu rimwe. Nyuma yo gukubita, imodoka ngufi irahuha, firise irahuha, maze umurongo urahagarara. Abakozi bakomeza gukora ku madolari 200 ku isaha. Umukiriya umwe yatakaje amadolari 38.700 mu ijoro rimwe. Amashyushyu ateka kandi insulation muri moteri na transformers. Ushobora kutabona igikomere ku munsi wa mbere, ariko umuringa uhinduka umukara maze igice kikananirwa nyuma y'amezi atandatu. Ibyo byangiritse byihishe niyo mpamvu abaguzi benshi batekereza ko "bitabaho hano" kugeza igihe fagitire iguye.
Imbonerahamwe y'Ibiciro Nyabyo Nabonye
| Urubuga | Itariki yo gufatirwaho | Ibyangiritse | Amasaha yo kuruhuka | Igiciro cyose |
| Uruganda rwa pulasitiki, Milan | 2023-07 | Disiki 3 + PLC 1 | 14 | $38,700 |
| Umurongo w'ikirahure, mu Bwongereza | 2023-11 | Disiki ebyiri za servo | 6 | $18,500 |
| Umurima w'izuba, muri Esipanye | 2024-01 | Inverters 5 | 2 | $12,000 |
| Akazi gato ko gukoreramo, DE | 2022-09 | Urubaho 1 rwa CNC | 1 | $4,200 |
Imbonerahamwe igaragaza ko no guhagarara gato bihenda cyane kurusha SPD zose.
Ingaruka Zihishe: Amakuru n'Umutekano
Ingufu zikuraho amakuru muri PLC na trip safety relay. Uruganda rw'ibirahuri rwambwiye ko icyuma kimwe gisubiza inyuma icyuma gikoresha icyuma gitera amazi, bityo itanura rigasukamo imvange itari yo. Ikirahure cyagombaga gucukurwa n'intoki. Ibyo byongereye amasaha 20 yo gukora akazi gashyushye n'igihombo cy'amadolari ibihumbi 50. Iyo sisitemu y'umutekano iguye mu gihe kitari cyo, abakozi bashobora gukomereka. Ngurisha SPDs ku muringa, ariko ndasinzira neza iyo nzi ko abantu nabo bafite umutekano.
Impamvu ubwishingizi budahagije
Abaguzi bamwe bizera ubwishingizi. Butanga amafaranga, ariko ntibugarura abakiriya babuze. Iyo usibye amatariki yo kohereza, umuguzi wawe ashakisha ahandi. Guhagarika akazi rimwe bishobora kugutwara amasezerano y'imyaka itanu. SPD itwara igihe kiri munsi y'isaha imwe yo kudakora kandi ikagumisha igitabo cyuzuye.
Intego y'Umurinzi w'Ingufu ni iyihe? — Imikorere n'amahame y'ibanze y'imikorere?
Ndacyamwenyura iyo mbonye LED y'icyatsi kibisi kuri panel—bivuze ko agasanduku gato kakubise agati kandi icyuma gikomeza gukora.
Imashini irinda umuvuduko w’amashanyarazi yumva ingufu nyinshi, igafata ingufu zirenzeho, hanyuma ikazohereza hasi mu masegonda make. Ifata umurongo kugira ngo umutwaro ubone urwego rwiza, kandi ngerageza buri gice kuri 20 kA muri Wenzhou.
Uburyo MOV ikora akazi
Muri 230 V, metal-oxide varistor (MOV) ni disiki ya keramike ikora nk'imashini ihindura ikirere. Kuri 230 V iba ifunguye kandi ikuramo munsi ya 0.3 mA. Iyo umurongo urenze 275 V, disiki irafunga maze imbaraga zayo zigahagarara munsi ya ohm. Umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi unyura muri MOV, ntabwo unyura muri disiki yawe. Voltage iri muri disiki iguma hafi ya 700 V, munsi cyane y'umurongo w'akaga wa 900 V. Nyuma y'uko umuvuduko urangiye, MOV yongera gufungura igategereza ikindi gitero. Nabonye disiki imwe ifata amasasu 23 yose mbere yuko inanirwa.
Impamvu uburebure bw'umugozi wa Earth buruta ingano ya MOV
Abaguzi benshi basaba "kA nini" ariko bakibagirwa insinga. Umurizo mugufi wa cm 25 utuma V 980 irekura. Ongeraho cm 55 hanyuma irekura irasimbuka igera kuri V 1,450. Disiki irapfa nubwo MOV ari imwe. Ntoza abashyiraho ibyuma gupfunyika umurizo rimwe bakawuhambira ku mugozi wa PE. Iyo ntambwe y'ubuntu iruta kwishyura igice cya kA 100.
Imbonerahamwe y'uburebure bw'isi ugereranije n'uburebure bw'isi
| Umurizo w'Isi | Ubushobozi bwo gukora | Gukoresha amashanyarazi ya 20 kA | Ibisubizo bya 600 V Drive |
| 25 cm | 0.25 µH | 980 V | Umutekano |
| cm 55 | 0.55 µH | 1.250V | Ingaruka |
| 80 cm | 0.80 µH | 1.450V | Wapfuye |
Agakoresho ko gusohora gaze
MOV irashira. Umuyoboro usohora gaze (GDT) ushobora gufata imbaraga nyinshi ariko ugenda buhoro. Dushyira insinga zombi icyarimwe. MOV itangira muri 25 ns igafata umuvuduko wa mbere. GDT irashya kuri 600 V hanyuma igafata umuyoboro munini w'amashanyarazi kuri 100 µs zikurikira. MOV iraruhuka kandi iramba igihe kirekire. Iyi shusho twita hybrid design, kandi ubu ni yo isanzwe ku bahinzi b'izuba bo mu Budage bashaka ubuzima bw'imyaka 20.
Guhagarika umuriro bibuza inkongi
Iyo MOV ipfuye, ishobora gushyuha buhoro buhoro. Ingufu y'ubushyuhe iri muri unit yacu ihita ifata ubushyuhe bwa 120 °C igakura igice ku murongo. Ingufu ifatanye na disiki ya MOV, bityo yumva ubushyuhe bumwe. Nyigerageza mu ifuru kuri 1 °C ku munota. Igomba gufungura mbere yuko disiki ishoka. Icyo gice cya senti imwe kibika agakoresho n'izina ryanjye.
Itangazo rya kure ku mbuga zigezweho
Ibigo binini birashaka kumenya ubu, ntabwo ari mu kwezi gutaha. Twongeraho micro-switch itanga contact yumye. Contact igaburira 24 V PLC. Iyo SPD ipfuye, HMI ihinduka umutuku. Umuguzi atumiza cartridge y'inyongera mbere y'inkubi y'umuyaga itaha. Ndayitumiza uwo munsi kandi igihe cyo kuruhuka kiragabanuka kuva ku masaha kugera ku minota.
Nigute wahitamo uburyo bwiza bwo kurinda isuri?
Nigeze kohereza igice cya 40 kA ku mugabo wari ukeneye kA 10 gusa—yishyuraga kabiri ariko agakomeza kucyita ubwishingizi buhendutse.
Hitamo voltage iri hasi cyane ushobora kwishyura, uhuze umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi n'ingaruka, kandi urebe neza ko igice gihuye n'agace kawe n'uburyo bwo kubungabunga. Nohereza urupapuro rumwe rw'uburiganya ruri kuri buri giciro.
Intambwe ya 1: Shaka urwego rw'ibyago byawe
Reba aho amazi aturuka. Imiyoboro yo hejuru mu duce tw’inkubi z’umuyaga ikenera ubwoko bwa 1. Insinga zo munsi y’ubutaka mu biro bisukuye zikenera ubwoko bwa 2. Insinga ndende zijya kuri PLC zikenera ubwoko bwa 3. Mbaza ibibazo bitatu: (1) Ese inyubako yagonzwe mbere? (2) Ese umutwaro ni ingenzi? (3) Ese insinga ni ndende? Kimwe "yego" hanyuma twongeraho nibura ubwoko bwa 2.
Intambwe ya 2: Hitamo igipimo cy'ingufu zikwiye
Kuri 230 V dukoresha 275 V max ikomeza. Kuri 480 V dukoresha 550 V. Igice gifite amanota make cyane kizashira kare. Igice gifite amanota menshi cyane kizatinda gufunga kandi kireke volti nyinshi zibone. Nhuza amanota n'umurongo hamwe na 15% by'umwanya wo hejuru. Ibyo bitanga ubuzima burambye kandi bigatuma umuntu adakomeza gukoresha neza.
Intambwe ya 3: Huza umuvuduko w'amazi
IEC 62305 itanga urwego: 25 kA, 40 kA, 60 kA. Ibiro by'umujyi bifite 10–15 kA ku mwaka. Uruganda rwo ku nkombe rugira 40 kA. Ngurisha 40 kA nk'ikintu gisanzwe ku nganda. Niba aho hantu hari inkuba, twongeraho 25 kA Ubwoko bwa 1 ku kibaho kinini na 40 kA Ubwoko bwa 2 ku duce duto. Igiciro ni gito kandi igifuniko cyuzuye.
Imbonerahamwe y'ibyo nshaka gutumiza byihuse kuri Jeff
| Ubwoko bw'urubuga | Inama Nkuru | Igice gito | Soketi | Imibare y'Ibice |
| Ibiro by'umujyi | — | 20 kA Ubwoko bwa 2 | 10 kA Ubwoko bwa 3 | LKX - 20, LKX - 10 |
| Uruganda | 25 kA Ubwoko bwa 1 | 40 kA Ubwoko bwa 2 | 10 kA Ubwoko bwa 3 | LKX - 25, LKX - 40, LKX - 10 |
| Indashyikirwa zikoresha ingufu z'izuba | 25 kA Ubwoko bwa 1 | 40 kA Ubwoko bwa 2 dc | — | LKX - 40 - DC |
| Inzu y'amakuru | 25 kA Ubwoko bwa 1 | 40 kA Ubwoko bwa 2 | 20 kA Ubwoko bwa 3 | LKX - 40, LKX - 20 - RJ45 |
Suzuma imiterere y'ifishi
Hari amapaneli akomeye. Dutanga ubugari bwa mm 18 na mm 36. Iyo umuyoboro wuzuye, tugabanya SPD mu miyoboro ibiri ya DIN cyangwa tugakoresha ishingiro rya plug-in kugira ngo umukoresha ahindure karitoli gusa. Ndasaba ifoto y'umuyoboro w'amapaneli kandi ngashyiramo akamenyetso k'umutuku ku mwanya w'ubuntu. Nta muntu ukunda gutungurwa ku munsi wo gushyiraho.
Tekereza ku gusimbuza
LED y'icyatsi kibisi ni nziza ku mbuga nto. Gukoresha remote contact ni byiza ku nini. Iyo urubuga rukora amasaha 24/24, twongeraho icyuma gifata insinga kugira ngo igice gihindurwe imbonankubone. Igiciro ni $3 yiyongereyeho kandi igihe cyo kuruhuka ni zeru. Jeff ambwira ko akazi kamwe kabitswe kishyura ibyo SPD yose yaguze.
Umwanzuro
Imashini irinda gusimbuka irya imbaraga zirenze kandi igakomeza umugozi wawe. Hitamo uburyo bworoshye bwo gusimbuka, uhuze n'ibyago, hanyuma uguze amahoro mu gihe kitarenze isaha imwe yo kuruhuka.