Ubuyobozi bwuzuye ku byerekeye AC/DC SPDs, Surge Arresters, n'Uburinzi bwa PV

Nkunze guhangayikishwa n'igihe sisitemu idakora iyo ubwiyongere butunguranye bugeze ku mishinga yanjye, bityo nshingira kuri Igikoresho cyo Kurinda Surge gifite Ingufu kugira ngo buri gikorwa cyose gikomeze kuba gihamye kandi gitegerejwe.

Igikoresho cyo kurinda Surge (SPD) hamwe n'icyuma gikingira surge ni ibikoresho birinda amashanyarazi bikoreshwa mu kuyobya inkuba cyangwa guhindura surge kure y'ibikoresho. Birinda sisitemu za PV, imiyoboro ya AC, imashini zigenzura, n'imashini z'inganda binyuze mu gufata voltage ziteje akaga mbere yuko zigera ku bikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga byihuse.

Niba ubishaka uburinzi bukomeye ku nganda, inyubako, cyangwa inganda zikoresha imirasire y'izuba, gusobanukirwa uburyo SPD zikora bizagufasha guhitamo SPD y'inganda ikwiye no kugabanya ibyago byo gukora mu gihe kirekire. Noneho reka nsesengure byose neza.

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Ibitera guhagarara kw'ingufu n'ibitera imbaraga mu mirasire y'amashanyarazi n'izuba ni iki?

Akenshi mbona urujijo hagati ya SPD n'abahagarika kwiyongera kw'ibiciro, kandi bibabaza amakipe ashinzwe gutanga amasoko ashaka gusa uburinzi bwizewe.

Ibikoresho bifunga umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi na SPD byombi birinda sisitemu z'amashanyarazi ku ngufu nyinshi zidasanzwe. SPD zifunga kandi zigahindura imivuduko y'amashanyarazi, mu gihe ibifunga umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi bibuza imirabyo ku rwego rwo hejuru rw'ingufu. Byombi bigabanya kwangirika kw'ibikoresho kandi bikongera ubwizigame.

Ibikoresho bihagarika umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi n'ibice bya SPD bikora mu buryo butandukanye nubwo bibanga ikibazo kimwe. SPD ikoresha ahanini ibice bya MOV cyangwa GDT kugira ngo igabanye ubwiyongere bw'amashanyarazi bw'igihe gito. Ibikoresho bihagarika umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi bikunze gushyirwa ku muryango wa serivisi kugira ngo bibuze impulses z'imirabyo ifite ingufu nyinshi kwinjira mu nyubako. Nkoresha SPD mu miyoboro yo munsi y'amazi kuko bikora vuba, mu gihe nkoresha ibikoresho bihagarika umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi ku gice kinini cy'ingenzi mu gihe cy'inkuba zikomeye.

Ibisobanuro bya SPD vs Surge Arrester

SPD igabanya ingufu zirenze urugero igabanya umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi, mu gihe icyuma gifata umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi gisubiza imirabyo ku butaka kitayishyize mu nyubako. Buri gihe nsobanura iri tandukaniro kugira ngo wirinde guhitamo nabi ibicuruzwa.

Uburyo Ikoranabuhanga rya MOV rikora mu bikoresho bya Surge

MOV zihindura ubukana bushingiye ku muvuduko w'amashanyarazi. Iyo habayeho kwiyongera, ubukana bwa MOV buhita bugabanuka, bugatuma ingufu zirenze zigwa hasi. Iyi reaction ni yihuta, ihamye, kandi ni nziza ku bikorwa bya SPD mu nganda.

Ibice by'ingenzi: MOV, GDT, Fuse y'ubushyuhe

• MOV ihangana n'izamuka ryihuse

• ADG ikora ku nkuba nini

• Fuse y'ubushyuhe ihagarika iyo MOV ishyushye cyane

Ibi bice bitatu bikora hamwe kugira ngo bitange uburinzi buhamye.

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Ubwoko bwa SPDs kuri sisitemu z'amashanyarazi za PV, AC, na DC

Akenshi nkora na sisitemu za AC/DC zivanze, kandi guhitamo ubwoko bwa SPD butari bwo bishobora gutuma habaho gutsindwa cyangwa gukora nabi.

SPD zishyirwa mu byiciro hakurikijwe aho zishyirwa, ubwoko bw'amashanyarazi, n'urwego rw'uburinzi. Ubwoko bwa 1 Irwanya inkuba, Ubwoko bwa 2 burwanya transients, naho Ubwoko bwa 3 bukingira ibikoresho bya terminal. AC SPDs zirinda grid circuits, naho DC SPDs zirinda imigozi ya PV kugeza kuri 1000V.

Dore ibyiciro bisanzwe bya SPD nkoresha mu mishinga y'inganda n'iy'izuba:

Ibyiciro bya SPD hakurikijwe porogaramu

AC SPD kuri sisitemu imwe y'icyiciro kimwe n'icyiciro cya gatatu

Nkoresha AC SPDs mu mbaho ​​zikwirakwiza umuriro kugira ngo ngire moteri, sisitemu za HVAC, n'imashini z'inganda. SPDs z'icyiciro cya gatatu zitanga uburinzi buringaniye kuri L1, L2, na L3.

DC SPD kuri sisitemu za PV kugeza kuri 1000V

SPD za PV DC zirinda imirasire y'izuba, inverters, n'udusanduku twa combiner. Izi SPD zagenewe guhangana n'umuvuduko uhoraho wa DC mu buryo bw'umutekano.

Uburyo bwo kurinda indwara zo mu bwoko bwa 1, 2, n'ubwoko bwa 3 bwasobanuwe

• Ubwoko bwa 1: uburinzi bw'imbere bw'inkuba

• Ubwoko bwa 2: uburinzi bw'ingufu zo mu mazi

• Ubwoko bwa 3: kurinda ibikoresho bya terminal

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Uburinzi bw'amashanyarazi bwa 480V na 110V

Iyo mfashije injeniyeri guhitamo SPDs, voltage rating ni yo ngingo ya mbere ifatwaho umwanzuro.

Sisitemu za 480V na 110V zisaba ingano zitandukanye za voltage ya SPD kugira ngo zigabanye ubwiyongere bw'amazi mu buryo butekanye. Ikingira ubwiyongere bw'amazi ya 480V ifite ibice bitatu ikora ku mitwaro y'inganda, mu gihe SPD za 110V/220V zirinda imiyoboro yo mu rugo n'ubucuruzi.

Ibyiciro by'amashanyarazi n'uburyo bwo guhitamo SPD

Ikirinda Surge ya 480V ifite ibyiciro bitatu ni iki?

Iyi SPD irinda moteri z'inganda, transformateur, VFDs, n'imiyoboro ikwirakwiza umuriro mu nganda nini. Igomba guhangana n'umuvuduko mwinshi w'amashanyarazi no kwihanganira kwiyongera gukabije kw'amashanyarazi.

Uburyo 110V na 220V SPD zikora muri sisitemu zo guturamo

Imiyoboro yo mu rugo isaba ingufu nke zo gufunga kugira ngo irinde ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga byoroheje. Izi SPD zihita zisubiza vuba iyo ibikoresho biva mu guhindagurika.

Umurinzi w'ibanze w'ubushyuhe ugereranije na SPD igezweho

Uburyo bw'ibanze bwo kurinda ingufu butanga gusa uburyo buke bwo kuyungurura bushingiye kuri MOV. SPD y'inganda itanga uburyo bwo gukuraho ubushyuhe, ibimenyetso by'imiterere y'amashanyarazi, module zishobora gusimburwa, hamwe n'ingufu nyinshi.

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Uburinzi bwa PV ku byuma bikoresha imirasire y'izuba n'ibihindura imirasire y'izuba

Ibimera bikoresha imirasire y'izuba bikunze kwibasirwa cyane n'inkuba n'ihindagurika ry'ikirere, bityo buri gihe nsaba gushyira SPDs ku mpande za AC na DC.

SPD za PV zirinda imigozi y'izuba, inverters, abagenzuzi ba MPPT, n'ibikoresho byo kugenzura. Bigabanya igihe cyo kudakora kandi bikongera igihe cyo kubaho kwa sisitemu.

Ahantu ho kurinda PV

Ubwirinzi bw'ingufu z'izuba

Izi SPD zagenewe guhangana n’amashanyarazi ahoraho ya DC n’inkuba bikunze kugaragara mu myanya yo hanze.

Uruhare rwa SPD muri DC Combiner na PV Array Boxes

Udusanduku two guhuza ni two twinjiriramo mbere y’uko ingufu zizamuka. SPD zigomba gushyirwa hano kugira ngo ingufu nyinshi zihagarike mbere yuko zigera kuri inverter.

Uburyo bwo Kurinda Ibikoresho by'Izuba n'Ibikoresho Bigenzura Imirasire y'Izuba

Nrinda abagenzura ibikoresho byo kugenzura ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa AC SPDs zo mu bwoko bwa 2 ku musaruro n'izikomoka kuri DC SPDs zo mu bwoko bwa 2 ku musaruro. Ibi birema urunigi rw'uburinzi ruhuriweho.

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Ibisabwa mu gushyiraho AC/DC SPDs muri sisitemu z'izuba

Gushyiraho nabi ni yo mpamvu ikomeye ituma SPD inanirwa, kandi nkunda kubibona mu nganda no mu mirima y’izuba.

Insinga zikoreshwa neza, hasi, no guhitamo neza SPD birinda ubushyuhe bwinshi, kugwa nabi, no kwangirika kw'ibikoresho byo gukingira insinga. Abashyiraho insinga bagomba gukurikiza inzira ngufi z'insinga no gufatanya neza.

Insinga zikwiye za AC SPD mu cyiciro kimwe n'icyiciro cya gatatu

Nkomeza uburebure bw'insinga munsi ya metero 0.5 kugira ngo nongere igihe cyo gusubiza SPD. Insinga ndende zigabanya imbaraga zo kurinda.

Uburyo bwo gushyiramo SPD muri PV DC 1000V Circuits

SPD za PV DC zigomba gushyirwaho polarity ikwiye n'ubutaka. Nkurikiza ibishushanyo mbonera by'uwakoze umushinga cyane kugira ngo wirinde ingaruka z'ingufu zikomoka ku muyaga.

Ibisabwa mu gusimbuza no guhuza ibikoresho byo gusimbuza

Guhuza bigomba kuba bifite impedance nke kandi bifatanye n'umuyoboro munini w'ubutaka. Guhuza nabi n'ubutaka bituma SPD idakora neza.

Guhitamo Agasanduku Gakwiye k'Umurinzi w'Ingufu

Gushyiramo ibikoresho byo hanze bisaba ko habaho ahantu hafite IP65 cyangwa hejuru kugira ngo hirindwe kwangirika k'ubushuhe.

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Imikorere ya MOV Surge Arrester n'imyitwarire yo kurinda

MOV ni zo shingiro rya SPD nyinshi nkoresha, cyane cyane mu nganda.

Utwuma dufata ingufu za MOV duhagarika kwiyongera kw'ingufu mu kugabanya imbaraga zituruka ku ngufu iyo ingufu z'amashanyarazi zirenze urugero. Dutanga uburinzi bwihuse kandi buhamye ku nganda n'ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba.

Igikoresho cyo gufata ibintu mu buryo bwa MOV Surge Arrester ni iki?

Ikoresha ibikoresho bya semiconductor bya metal-oxide kugira ngo imenye ukwiyongera kw'amazi no kuyajyana hasi.

Uburyo bwo Kunanirwa kwa MOV no Guhagarika Ubushyuhe

MOV zishobora gushyuha cyane nyuma yo kwiyongera kenshi, bityo fuse z'ubushyuhe zigahagarika neza. Nhitamo gusa SPD zifite imiterere yo kwitandukanya n'ubushyuhe.

Uburyo Ibikoresho bya MOV birinda impanuka z'imirabyo

Bikurura imbere y'inkuba kandi bikayibuza kwinjira mu bikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga biri munsi yayo.

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Inyigisho yo Kugura: Uburyo bwo Guhitamo SPD Ikwiye Kuri Porogaramu Yawe

Iyo mfasha amakipe ashinzwe gutanga amasoko, buri gihe nibanda ku muvuduko w'amashanyarazi, amanota agezweho, n'icyemezo.

Hitamo SPDs hashingiwe ku muvuduko wa sisitemu, amanota ya Imax, igihe cyo gusubiza, n'ibyemezo nka UL1449/IEC61643. Kuri sisitemu za AC/DC zivanze, hitamo SPDs zitandukanye kuri buri ruhande.

Ingano ya SPD kuri Sisitemu ya 100A, 220V, na 480V

Sisitemu zifite amashanyarazi menshi zikenera amanota menshi ya MCOV na Imax. Imiyoboro y'inganda ya 480V ikeneye ubwoko bwa 1/2 SPD zikomeye.

Guhitamo AC vs DC SPD kuri sisitemu zivanze z'izuba

Ntuzigere uzihinduranya. DC SPD zifata polarity ihoraho; AC SPDs zubatswe kugira ngo zihindure imiraba.

Uburyo bwo guhitamo ibirango bya SPD n'ibyemezo

Nhitamo abatanga serivisi bafite QC ihamye, inyandiko zisobanutse neza, kandi batanga serivisi zitezwe—cyane cyane ku bakiriya banini bakora ibintu nk'ibyawe.

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Umwanzuro

Hitamo iy'ubuziranenge Igikoresho cyo Kurinda Surge gifite Ingufu kurinda buri gice cy'amashanyarazi cyangwa imirasire y'izuba no kugabanya ibyago by'igihe kirekire.

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Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

1. Ese nkeneye ubwoko bwa 1 na 2 SPDs zombi?

Yego. Ubwoko bwa 1 burwanya ingufu z'inkuba, naho ubwoko bwa 2 burwanya imbaraga z'imirasire.

2. SPD zigomba gusimburwa kangahe?

Buri myaka 3-5 mu bidukikije birimo ubwiyongere bwinshi cyangwa nyuma gato y'uko habayeho gutsindwa.

3. Ese SPD imwe ishobora kurinda inyubako yose?

Oya. Uburinzi bw'inzego nyinshi burakenewe kugira ngo umuntu ahabwe ubwishingizi bwuzuye.

4. Ese DC SPDs zirakenewe kuri sisitemu za PV?

Yego. Birinda imigozi miremire ya PV kugira ngo idahura n'inkuba.

5. Ni izihe mpamyabumenyi ngomba kugenzura?

IEC61643, UL1449, CE, RoHS, na raporo z'ibizamini.

6. Ese SPD zishobora gukumira burundu kwangirika kw'inkuba?

Oya, ariko bigabanya cyane ingufu zigera ku bikoresho.