Ubuyobozi bwuzuye bwa SPD kuri sisitemu za PV no kurinda imirasire y'izuba

Akenshi numva mfite stress iyo mbonye imishinga y'izuba yangijwe n'ingufu ziturutse ku muvuduko utunguranye, bityo nkishingikiriza kuri Igikoresho cyo kurinda Surge kugira ngo buri sisitemu ikomeze guhagarara neza.

A Igikoresho cyo kurinda Surge Irinda sisitemu za PV binyuze mu kuyobya imirasire y'amashanyarazi iteje akaga ikava ku mapine, inverters, n'insinga z'amashanyarazi. Igabanya igihe cyo kudakora, ikarinda kwangirika kw'ibikoresho, kandi ikarinda umutekano w'igihe kirekire ku mpande za AC na DC z'ishyirwaho ry'izuba.

Muri iyi nyandiko, ndakwereka buri gice cyo kurinda imirasire y'izuba kugira ngo ufate ibyemezo bya tekiniki byizewe ku mushinga uwo ari wo wose wa PV.

SPD ni iki kandi impamvu sisitemu za PV zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba ziyikeneye?

Nabonaga sisitemu za PV zinanirwa kubera amashanyarazi menshi atunguranye, none ubu sinigeze nkora umushinga nta burenganzira mfite. Igikoresho cyo kurinda Surge mu mwanya.

SPD y'izuba irinda sisitemu za PV binyuze mu kwimura cyangwa kuyobya imirabyo, guhinduranya imirasire y'izuba, n'imihindagurikire y'ibikoresho mbere yuko bigera ku bice by'ingenzi. Ifasha mu gukumira kwangirika kwa inverter, igabanya ikiguzi cyo kuyisana, kandi igatuma sisitemu ikora neza.

Imashini zikoresha imirasire y'izuba zikorera hanze, bityo zihura n'ingaruka z'amashanyarazi ziterwa n'inkuba, amakosa y'urusobe rw'amashanyarazi, n'ibintu bihindagurika. Kubera ko panels na inverters bishingiye kuri semiconductor, zikunze kwangirika cyane ndetse no ku bushobozi buke bwo gukoresha ingufu. Mu kazi kanjye n'inganda zitandukanye n'ibigo bya EPC, nabonye ko gutsindwa hakiri kare hafi ya byose biterwa no kwangirika kw'amashanyarazi aho kwangirika buri gihe. Niyo mpamvu mfata kurinda ingufu nk'ikintu cy'ingenzi gisabwa mu gushushanya, atari ikintu cy'ingenzi gikenewe.

Ibisobanuro bya SPD mu mikorere y'amashanyarazi n'izuba

SPD ni igikoresho cyohereza umuriro ukabije w’amashanyarazi kuri sisitemu yo gusimbuza. Muri sisitemu za PV, kirinda imigozi ya DC, inverters, udusanduku twa combiner, AC distribution, n'imiyoboro y'itumanaho.

Impamvu zikunze gutera kwiyongera kw'ingufu mu gushyiraho PV

Sisitemu za PV zihura n'ingaruka mbi ziturutse kuri:
• inkuba (igaragara cyangwa iterwa n'inkuba)
• ibikorwa byo guhinduranya
• Imiterere y'amashanyarazi ibangamira imikorere y'inganda
• imiyoboro miremire ikoresha insinga yongera ingufu z'amashanyarazi zihoraho

Impamvu kurinda ubwiyongere bw'imirasire y'izuba ari ingenzi ku mirasire y'izuba na inverters

Ibyuma n'ibyuma bihindura inverter byoroshye kwangirika bitewe n'imitsi y'igihe gito. Iyo nsuye inganda, inverter nyinshi zangiritse zigaragaza ibimenyetso bigaragara by'izamuka ry'amashanyarazi ku rwego rwo kwinjira. SPD zikwiye zigabanya cyane iyi ngaruka.

Uburyo ikoranabuhanga rya MOV rikora mu bikoresho birinda indwara zo mu bwonko

Ndibuka igihe nafunguraga SPD yananiwe bwa mbere; MOV block yavuze inkuru yose y'ukuntu sisitemu yahuye n'izamuka rikomeye.

Ikoranabuhanga rya MOV ryemerera Igikoresho cyo kurinda Surge Gufunga ingufu nyinshi binyuze mu kuva ku burambe bwinshi kugera ku burambe buke mu masegonda make. Bifata ingufu zirenze urugero hanyuma bikayohereza hasi mu mutekano mbere yuko ibikoresho byangirika.

MOV ni umutima w'ibishushanyo mbonera byinshi bya SPD by'inganda. Nkunze gusobanurira amakipe ashinzwe gutanga amasoko ko ubuziranenge bwa MOV bugena umutekano urambye. MOV idakomeye bivuze kwangirika hakiri kare no ku rwego rwo kurinda rutari ruteganijwe. Niyo mpamvu inganda zikenera kwizewe. kurinda inganda kwiyongera kw'amazi Buri gihe gerageza imyitwarire ya MOV mu bihe by'imihangayiko isubiramo mbere yo kwemeza umutanga serivisi.

MOV ni iki kandi ikora gute?

MOV (Metal Oxide Varistor) ikora nk'irwanya voltage rishingiye kuri voltage. Iyo voltage ari isanzwe, ihagarika umuriro. Iyo voltage izamutse ikarenga urugero rwayo, ihita iyobora umuvuduko ugana hasi.

Imyitwarire ya MOV mu gihe cy'izamuka ry'ingufu z'amashanyarazi

Mu gihe cyo gukubita cyane, ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'umuyaga bugabanuka cyane, bigatuma habaho inzira nziza yo gukoresha ingufu nyinshi. Nyuma yo gufunga, isubira ku buryo idashobora guhagarara neza.

Uburyo bwo gutsindwa kwa MOV n'iby'ingenzi ku mutekano

Uburyo busanzwe bwo gucika intege kwa MOV burimo gushyuha cyane, gusaza, no gucika intege k'ubushyuhe. Niyo mpamvu nsaba buri gihe module zo guhagarika ubushyuhe kuri PV SPDs.

Ubwoko bw'ibikoresho byo kurinda ubwiyongere bw'imirasire y'izuba bikoreshwa mu mirasire y'izuba

Nyuma y'imyaka myinshi nkora igenzura ry'inganda n'imishinga y'izuba, namenye ko guhitamo ubwoko bwa SPD bukwiye ari byo bigena niba sisitemu ya PV ikomeza kubaho mu gihe cy'inkuba.

Ubwoko bwa 1, Ubwoko bwa 2, na SPD zo mu bwoko bwa 3 zitanga urwego rutandukanye rwo kurinda inkuba n'ihindagurika ry'ikirere. Ubwoko bwa 1 bugenzura imirabyo itaziguye, Ubwoko bwa 2 bugenzura amashanyarazi arenze urugero, naho Ubwoko bwa 3 bukingira ibikoresho bya nyuma n'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga bigezweho.

Amatsinda menshi ashinzwe gutanga amasoko yibanda ku itandukaniro ry'ibiciro hagati y'ubwoko bwa SPD, ariko buri gihe nsobanura ko buri bwoko bugira uruhare rutandukanye. Sisitemu ikora neza iyo ihujwe nk'urunigi rwuzuye rwo kurinda. Ibigo bya EPC by'izuba birenza ubwoko bumwe akenshi bihura n'ibibazo byo gucika intege kw'inverter mu gihe cy'inkubi z'umuyaga. Hasi hari igereranya ryihuse:

Imbonerahamwe ya 1 - Ubwoko bwa SPD n'Imikorere Yabwo

Ubwoko bwa 1 SPD bwo kurinda inkuba

Ikoreshwa ku miryango iganamo serivisi kugira ngo isohora imirabyo minini.

Ubwoko bwa 2 SPD bwo kurinda umuriro ukabije

Ishyirwa hafi y'inverters kugira ngo irinde guhinduranya no kwiyongera kw'amashanyarazi.

Ubwoko bwa 3 SPD bwo kurinda igikoresho cya Terminal

Ikoreshwa imbere mu miyoboro y'itumanaho igenzura neza.

Guhitamo SPD Ikwiye kuri Porogaramu za PV

Buri gihe nhuza ubwoko bwa SPD n'urugero rw'inkuba, voltage yo kuyishyiraho, ubushobozi bw'ibikoresho, n'imiterere y'ubutaka.

Ubuyobozi bwa SPD bwo gushyiraho paneli za PV na inverters

Nabonye imishinga myinshi inanirwa kubera ko SPD yashyizwe ahantu hatari ho, nubwo igikoresho ubwacyo cyari gifite ubuziranenge.

SPD zigomba gushyirwa hafi y'ibikoresho birinzwe, zifite insinga ngufi, polarity ikwiye, hasi ikwiye, n'ubwoko bwa SPD bukwiye ku mpande zombi za sisitemu ya PV ya AC na DC.

Gushyiraho neza ni ingenzi kurusha ikirango. Ndetse na SPD nziza cyane mu nganda iba idafite icyo ikora iyo insinga ikoreshejwe igihe kirekire cyane. Nkunda kwereka abatekinisiye uburyo insinga y'inyongera ya santimetero 20 ishobora gukuba kabiri voltage isigaye, ishobora gusenya ikibaho cy'inyongera.

Aho washyira SPD muri Sisitemu ya PV

SPD zigomba gushyirwa kuri Udusanduku twa DC two guhuza, inverter DC ikoreshwa, inverter AC isohoka, n'ikwirakwizwa ry'ingenzi rya AC.

Intambwe zo gushyiraho DC Side SPD

• Huza kuri buri nyuguti yinjiyemo
• kugenzura ko polarity ihuye
• uburebure bw'insinga buri munsi ya metero 0.5

Intambwe zo gushyiraho SPD ku ruhande rwa AC

• shyira hafi y'aho inverter isohora ibicuruzwa
• Guhuza n'ubutaka bwa PE
• kurikiza amategeko agenga insinga za sisitemu ya TN/TT

Amakosa Asanzwe yo Gushyiramo Ibintu Agomba Kwirindwa

Amakosa akomeye arimo imiyoboro miremire, kubura aho ikoreshwa mu gusimbuza amashanyarazi, ubwoko bwa SPD butari bwo, hamwe n'isuzuma ry'amashanyarazi ritari ryo.

Ibisabwa ku kurinda DC na AC Surge kuri sisitemu z'izuba

Akenshi ngenzura ahantu hagaragara PV aho igipimo cya SPD kidahuye n'amashanyarazi afunguye ya array, ibyo bigatera ibyago byihishe kuri sisitemu yose.

PV SPD zigomba guhuza na DC voltage rating, AC grid rating, grounding system, coordination law, na installation category kugira ngo habeho uburinzi buhamye kuri PV system yose.

Hasi hari imbonerahamwe yo kugereranya amanota amakipe menshi ashinzwe gutanga amasoko asanga ari ingirakamaro:

Imbonerahamwe ya 2 – Ibisabwa mu gupima SPD kugira ngo hashyirweho PV

Ingano y'amashanyarazi n'ubushyuhe kuri PV SPD

Buri gihe huza Ucpv ya SPD na Voc ntarengwa ya array mu gihe cy'ubukonje.

Ibisabwa mu gutunganya ubutaka no kubushyiraho

Gushinga neza ubutaka bigabanya cyane ingufu z'amashanyarazi. Buri gihe ngenzura uburyo ubutaka budashobora guhagarara mbere yo gushyiraho SPD.

Ubuhuzabikorwa bwa SPD hagati y'uruhande rwa AC na DC

Koresha Ubwoko bwa 1 kuri paneli nkuru ya AC na Ubwoko bwa 2 hafi ya inverter kugira ngo uhuze neza.

SPD vs Surge Arrester: Itandukaniro ry'ingenzi ku kurinda PV

Abaguzi benshi barambaza niba bagomba gukoresha SPD cyangwa surge arrester, kandi igisubizo cyanjye ni uko bakora imirimo itandukanye.

Imashini ifata amashanyarazi ikora ku nkuba nini zo hanze, mu gihe SPD irinda ibikoresho imbaraga z'amashanyarazi zo hanze n'izo imbere. Sisitemu nyinshi za PV zungukira mu kuzikoresha zombi.

Imbonerahamwe ya 3 - SPD vs Surge Arrester

Uburyo Surge Arresters Ikora Ugereranije na SPDs

Ibikoresho bihagarika umuvuduko w'amazi bisohora ingufu nyinshi z'inkuba ariko bigakora buhoro kurusha SPD.

Ni ikihe cyiza kurusha ibindi mu kurinda inkuba za PV

SPD zirinda neza ikoranabuhanga rigezweho, mu gihe izifata zirinda inyubako.

Igihe cyo gukoresha byombi mu gushyiraho imirasire y'izuba

Buri gihe nkoresha byombi mu mishinga minini cyangwa iy’ibyago bikomeye.

Umwanzuro

Koresha uburyo bworoshye bwo gukoresha Igikoresho cyo kurinda Surge kugira ngo sisitemu yose ya PV ikoresha imirasire y'izuba ikomeze kugira umutekano, ihamye, kandi yiteguye gukoreshwa igihe kirekire.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa Ku Bijyanye no Kurinda SPD, MOV, n'Inkuba ku Mirasire y'Izuba

Ese nshobora gukoresha SPD ebyiri mu buryo bukurikiranye?

Yego, igihe cyose amategeko agenga guhuza ibikorwa akurikizwa.

Ese paneli z'izuba zikeneye AC cyangwa DC SPD?

Impande zombi za AC na DC zikeneye uburinzi.

SPD imara igihe kingana iki?

Ubusanzwe imyaka 5-10 bitewe n'ubwiyongere bw'ingufu.

Bigenda bite iyo SPD inaniwe?

Iracikamo kabiri kugira ngo hirindwe ibyago by'inkongi y'umuriro.