Ubuyobozi bwuzuye bwo gukumira impanuka mu kurinda imirasire y'izuba n'inkuba

Nabonye inkuba yangije inganda n'inganda zikoresha imirasire y'izuba mu ijoro ryose, bityo buri gihe nkoresha imiti Igikoresho cyo kurinda Surge n'ingamba zo guhagarika kwiyongera kw'ingufu nk'izidashobora kuganirwaho.

Ubuyobozi bwuzuye ku bikoresho bihagarika umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi busobanura uburyo ibi bikoresho biyobora inkuba n'amashanyarazi akabije ku butaka, bikingira sisitemu z'izuba, imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi, n'ibikoresho by'ingenzi mu gihe bigabanya igihe cyo kudakora n'ikiguzi cyo gusana.

Niba ucunga ingaruka, ikiguzi, n'igihe cyo gutanga, gusobanukirwa uburyo bwo guhagarika umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi bizagufasha kubaka sisitemu zihangana n'umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi mu buryo bufatika.

Igitera Kugabanuka kw'Ingufu ni Iki n'Inzira Gikora

Akenshi ntangira isuzuma rya sisitemu nsobanura icyo icyuma gifunga umuvuduko mu by'ukuri gikora.

Igikoresho cyo gukumira impanuka ni igikoresho gikingira kigabanya amashanyarazi arenze urugero binyuze mu kuyobya ingufu z’amashanyarazi zijya hasi mu buryo butekanye, bikarinda kwangirika kw’ibikoresho byo gukingira impanuka no kwangirika kw’ibikoresho.

Ndabona injeniyeri nyinshi zivanga ibikoresho bifunga umuvuduko w’amashanyarazi n’ibikoresho by’ibanze bikingira umuvuduko w’amashanyarazi. Mu by’ukuri, ibikoresho bifunga umuvuduko w’amashanyarazi byagenewe guhangana n’ingufu nyinshi cyane, cyane cyane ibintu bifitanye isano n’inkuba. Iyo umuvuduko w’amashanyarazi ugeze, ibikoresho bifunga umuvuduko w’amashanyarazi biva ku muvuduko mwinshi bijya ku muvuduko muto mu masegonda make. Iki gikorwa gifata ingufu z’amashanyarazi ku rwego rwiza kandi cyohereza ingufu zirenze ku isi.

Mu buryo bw'amashanyarazi bufite ingufu nke, ibikoresho bihagarika ingufu birinda switchboards, transformers, n'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga bikorana n'izuba. Mu gushyiraho imirasire y'izuba, birinda PV arrays, combiner boxes, na inverters. Nabonye uburyo bwo kurinda ingufu ku nganda bunanirwa kubera ko ubwoko bw'igikoresho kitari cyo bwatoranyijwe.

Ukurikije ubunararibonye bwanjye, itandukaniro rikomeye ni ubushobozi bwo gucunga ingufu. Igikoresho cyo kurinda Surge Ikoreshwa nk'icyuma gihagarika kwiyongera kw'amashanyarazi kigomba guhuzwa n'uburyo sisitemu igaragaramo, ubwiza bw'ubutaka, n'aho ishyirwa. Iyo ikozwe neza, yihanganira ibintu bisubirwamo bucece nta guhagarika imikorere.

Ubwoko bw'ibikoresho bihagarika kwiyongera kw'amashanyarazi bikoreshwa mu mirasire y'izuba n'amashanyarazi

Buri gihe nhitamo ibikoresho bigabanya umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi bitewe n'urwego rw'umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi.

Ibikoresho bihagarika umuvuduko w'amazi byo mu bwoko bwa 1 birinda inkuba z'imiraba, mu gihe Ibikoresho bihagarika kwiyongera k'umuvuduko w'ubwiyongere bw'umuvuduko w ...ubwoko bwa 2 kurinda kwiyongera kw'ibicuruzwa bikwirakwira mu buryo bwo gukwirakwiza no guhinduranya ibikoresho.

Utwuma dufata ingufu z'amashanyarazi two mu bwoko bwa 1 dushyirwa ku muryango w’imashini aho imirasire y’imirasire ishobora kwinjira. Dukunze kugaragara mu duce dufite ibyago byinshi no mu miyoboro y’amashanyarazi. Utwuma dufata ingufu z’amashanyarazi two mu bwoko bwa 2 dushyirwa mu gice cyo hepfo cy’uruziga kandi ni two dukoreshwa cyane mu miterere ya SPD ikoreshwa n’izuba n’inganda.

Dore uko nsobanura itandukaniro ku matsinda ashinzwe gutanga amasoko:

Ku mishinga myinshi y’izuba n’ubucuruzi, ubwoko bwa 2 cyangwa ibikoresho bihujwe bitanga uburinzi bwiza n’ikiguzi. Ibi ni ingenzi iyo ubufatanye bw’igihe kirekire n’ubwiza buteganywa ari byo by’ingenzi.

Ibikoresho byo gukumira imirasire y'izuba na PV bya DC

Ndita cyane ku ngaruka z’ingufu zikomoka ku mihindagurikire y’izuba muri DC.

Abashinzwe gukumira umuvuduko wa DC kurinda imiyoboro ya PV ku nkuba ziterwa n'inkuba no guhindagurika k'amashanyarazi, bikarinda kwangirika kwa inverter na module.

Imiyoboro ya DC iba miremire, igaragara, kandi akenshi ijyanwa hanze. Ibyo bituma ishobora kwangirika nubwo hatabayeho gukubita mu buryo butaziguye. Buri gihe nsaba DC surge arresters kuri PV combiner boxes na inverter DC inputs.

Ibipimo bitandukanye by'amashanyarazi bisaba imiterere itandukanye. Urugero, icyuma gifata ingufu 24VDC gikora neza ku miyoboro y'amashanyarazi, mu gihe ibyuma bya PV bifite ingufu nyinshi bikenera ibikoresho bifite ingufu za 600V, 1000V, cyangwa 1500V. Igikoresho gifata ingufu za DC lightning kigomba kuba gihuye n'imbaraga ntarengwa zo gusohora ingufu, atari agaciro k'amazina gusa.

Mu mishinga yanjye, guhitamo neza DC surge arrester bigabanya cyane igipimo cy'amakosa ya inverter. Ibi ni ingenzi cyane cyane ku ikoreshwa rya SPD mu nganda aho igihe cyo kuruhuka bigira ingaruka ku gihe cyo gukora.

Ibikoresho bihagarika imirasire y'izuba ku byuma bipima umuriro n'amashanyarazi

Nfata uburyo bwo kurinda imirasire y'izuba nk'uburyo bwo kwirinda, ntabwo ari igikoresho kimwe.

Ibikoresho bihagarika ingufu z'izuba birinda panels, combiner boxes, na inverters binyuze mu kugabanya overvoltage y'igihe gito muri sisitemu ya PV.

Ubusanzwe nshyiramo ibikoresho bifunga umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi ahantu hatatu: hafi y'aho PV iherereye, imbere mu dusanduku twa combiner, no kuri terminals za inverter. Ubu buryo bwo gushyiramo ibice bigabanya voltage isigara kuri buri cyiciro.

Dore uburyo bworoshye bwo gushyira ahantu nkoresha:

Ubu buryo bunoza ubwizigirwa bwa sisitemu kandi bugabanye gutungurwa n'ibikorwa byo kubungabunga, ibyo abashinzwe amasoko baha agaciro.

Ibikoresho byo gufata amashanyarazi bya AC na Three Phase

Sinigeze nirengagiza uruhande rwa AC rw'urusobe rw'imirasire y'izuba.

Ibikoresho bifunga inkuba mu byiciro bitatu birinda amashanyarazi y’inganda imirabyo n’ingufu ziterwa n’umuyoboro w’amashanyarazi.

Mu buryo bw'ibyiciro bitatu, ingufu zituruka ku muvuduko zishobora kugenda mu buryo butangana mu byiciro bitandukanye. Nkunda imiterere y'ibikoresho bigabanya umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi bifite ibice bitatu bikingira amashanyarazi yose kimwe. Imiterere y'inkingi ebyiri ikunze kugaragara muri sisitemu zoroshye, ariko ikoreshwa mu nganda akenshi risaba uburinzi bwuzuye n'ubw'ibyiciro bitandukanye.

Iyi ni gahunda isanzwe yo kurinda umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi ku nganda aho umutwaro uhagije n'igihe cyo gukora ari ingenzi cyane.

Ibikoresho byo gukumira indwara n'imiterere ya modular bishingiye kuri MOV

Nshingiye cyane ku ikoranabuhanga rya MOV mu miterere igezweho.

Ibikoresho bifunga umuvuduko bishingiye kuri MOV bisubiza vuba cyane kandi bigafunga neza amashanyarazi mu gihe cy'impanuka z'igihe gito.

Utwuma dufata inkuba twa MOV dukoresha varistora za metal oxide zihindura ubushobozi bwo guhangana ako kanya iyo voltage izamutse. Imiterere ya modular ituma byoroha kuyihindura nyuma y’igihe umuntu arangije ubuzima bwe, bigabanya igihe cyo kuyisana.

Mu bunararibonye bwanjye, modular MOV surge arresters itanga uruvange rwiza rw'imikorere n'ubushobozi bwo gukora ku bikorwa bya SPD mu nganda.

Abafata SPD mu kurinda inkuba

Ndabona amagambo ya SPD na surge arrester akoreshwa mu buryo bumwe, ariko imiterere yayo ni ingenzi.

Imashini ifata umuvuduko wa SPD ihuza uburyo bwo gusubiza vuba no gukoresha ingufu nyinshi mu kurinda inkuba mu byuma by'amashanyarazi n'izuba.

Ugereranyije n'ibikoresho bisanzwe bigabanya inkuba, SPD zigezweho ni nto, zikoresha uburyo bumwe, kandi zoroshye kuzishyira hamwe. Ndazishyira hafi y'ibikoresho birinzwe kugira ngo zigabanye uburebure bw'icyuma gifunga n'amashanyarazi asigaye.

Guhitamo Igikoresho Gikwiye cyo Guhagarika Ihindagurika ry'Ubusabe Bwawe

Buri gihe nhitamo bitewe n'ingaruka, ntabwo ari igiciro gusa.

Guhitamo uburyo bukwiye bwo guhagarika umuyaga biterwa n'inkuba, ingufu z'amashanyarazi, aho umuyaga uhagarara, n'urwego rw'uburinzi rukenewe.

Ku bice bishobora gutera ibyago byinshi, ndasaba ibikoresho bigabanya ubushyuhe bw'amashanyarazi byo mu bwoko bwa 1. Ku mishinga myinshi y'izuba n'ubucuruzi, ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa 2 bihujwe bitanga uburinzi bwizewe kandi bigatanga ikiguzi gito cyo gutunga. Ubu buryo bujyanye neza n'imikoranire y'igihe kirekire n'abatanga ibikoresho.

Umwanzuro

Shora imari mu burenganzira Igikoresho cyo kurinda Surge n'ingamba zo gukumira ihindagurika ry'ikirere uyu munsi kugira ngo urinde sisitemu yawe, gahunda yawe, n'agaciro k'ubucuruzi bwawe bw'igihe kirekire.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

Q1: Ese ibikoresho bihagarika kwiyongera kw'umuvuduko w'ingufu n'ibiyobyabwenge bya SPD ni bimwe?

Bihurirana, ariko ibikoresho bihagarika umuvuduko w'amazi byagenewe ibikorwa by'inkuba bifite ingufu nyinshi.

Q2: Ese sisitemu z'izuba zikenera ibikoresho bihagarika amashanyarazi ya AC na DC?

Yego. Impande zombi zihura n'ibibazo bitandukanye byo kwiyongera kw'ingufu.

Q3: Ni hehe DC surge arrest ikwiye gushyirwa?

Kuri PV arrays, combiner boxes, na inverter inputs.

Q4: Ibikoresho byo guhagarika ikwirakwira rya MOV bimara igihe kingana iki?

Ziragabanuka uko igihe cyose zizamuka kandi zigomba gusimburwa igihe cyose ubuzima burangiye.

Q5: Ese ubwoko bwa 2 burahagije ku mishinga myinshi ikoreshwa n'izuba?

Yego, keretse iyo imirabyo y’inkuba igaragara cyane.